9/7/12

Question 1

Mycoplasma require a medium enriched in ______ to grow in culture.

Answer 1

cholesterol

Question 2

S. pneumoniae can be differentiated from S. viridans by its sensitivity to which Abx used in bacterial culture?

Answer 2

optochin

Question 3

What type of hemolysis do S. penumoniae and S. viridans display?

Answer 3

alpha (partial hemolysis)

Question 4

Which pneumonia-causing oganism requires a medium enriched in L-cysteine?

Answer 4

Legionella

Question 5

What is the mechnism of the diplopia that is often the presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 5

MLF syndrome (internuclear ophthalmoplegia) - loss of myelination of the MLF, which coordinates lateral conjugate gaze.

Question 6

How is the definitive Dx of MS made?

Answer 6

Visualization of sclerotic plaques on MRI.

Question 7

Briefly summarize the 5 steps of MS pathogenesis.

Answer 7

1. axon demyelination
2. destruction of oligodendrocytes
3. lipid-laden MΦs
4. fibrillary astrocytosis
5. infiltration by lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 8

What is the function of gp120?

Answer 8

binding to CD4 receptor

Question 9

What is the function of gp41?

Answer 9

fusion w/target cell

Question 10

What are the 3 structural genes of HIV? Which one becomes gp160?

Answer 10

gag, pol, and env

env

Question 11

The HIV structural gene gag codes for the protein _______, which makes up the _______.

Answer 11

p24; viral capsid

Question 12

What kind of kidney damage may be caused by bacterial endocarditis? What is the mediator of the is damage?

Answer 12

acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 13

What mediates the acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis caused in some cases of bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 13

circulating immune complexes that deposit in the subepithelium or mesangium

Question 14

Why are glomeruli in PSGN referred to as “hypercellular”?

Answer 14

endothelial and mesangial proliferation & NΦ infiltrate

Question 15

Where do the immune complexes of PSGN deposit?

Answer 15

subepithelial

Question 16

Where do the immune complexes of SLE deposit?

Answer 16

subendothelial (too large to pass GBM)

Question 17

What are the top 3 causes of crescentic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 17

1. Goodpasture syndrome
2. Wegener’s granulomatosis
3. Microscopic polyangiitis

Question 18

What is the most common Ag in Wegener’s granulomatosis?

Answer 18

c-ANCA

Question 19

What is the Ag seen in microscopic polyangiitis?

Answer 19

p-ANCA

Question 20

What is the Tx for Wegener’s granulomatosis?

Answer 20

cyclophosphamide

Question 21

What is seen on electron microscopy in IgA nephropathy?

Answer 21

mesangial immune complexes

Question 22

How does Alport Syndrome manifest in EM of the glomeruli?

Answer 22

Split basement membrane

Question 23

What is the etiology of Alport syndrome?

Answer 23

mutation in type IV collagen

Question 24

What are the clinical manifestations of Alport syndrome?

Answer 24

glomerulonephritis, nerve disorders, ocular disorders, deafness

Question 25

How is Alport syndrome inherited?

Answer 25

X-linked

Question 26

What is the primary reason for thiamine deficiency in alcoholics?

Answer 26

liver dysfunction

Question 27

What drug frequently used in A-fib will increase the circulating dose of warfarin?

Answer 27

amiodarone

Question 28

What is the main mechanism of amiodarone?

Answer 28

class III anti-arrhythmic (blocks K+ channels)