9/15/12 Flashcards
A bicuspid aortic valve is most frequently associated w/ development of what valvulopathy?
aortic stenosis
Describe the murmur of aortic stenosis: timing, location, radiation.
mid-systolic ejection murmur best heard at the right second intercostal space and radiating to the neck
Describe the murmur of mitral stenosis: timing, location.
diastolic opening snap and mid-diastolicc rumble heard best at cardiac apex
What murmur sounds like WHOOP-dee-doo?
mitral stenosis
Chronic rejection of lung transplant resulting in fibrosis of the small airways and obstructive lung disease is referred to as _______?
bronchiolitis obliterans
Several weeks post-lung transplant, a pt. presents with dry cough, dyspnea, and fever. Histologic examination shows mononuclear infiltrates and CXR shows parenchymal infiltrates. What process is occurring?
acute graft rejection
A cystic tumor in the cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamus, or optic pathways of a child is most likely what tumor?
juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
What are the histological characteristics of pilocytic astrocytoma?
Well-differentiated spindle cells w/ hair-like projections. Associated w/ cysts. Mixed w/ Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies.
What is the most common cause of death among lung transplant recipients? (Be specific.)
Infection, esp. w/ CMV
Activation of the PTH-receptor causes osteoblasts to release what 2 factors?
RANK-L and M-CSF
Where does glioblastoma multiforme occur most often?
subcortical white matter
Posterior fossa tumor in child. Small, prroly differentiated cells with scant cytoplasm and little stroma.
medulloblastoma
What is the difference between the ependymomas of adults and children?
Children: usu. in 4th ventricel
Adults: usu. in spinal cord
What marker is usu. expressed by the processes of ependymomas?
GFAP
What tumors usu stain (+) for NSE, chromogramin, synaptophysin, and S-100, cause high urine levels of HVA and VMA, and express N-MYC? Where are they found?
Neuroblastomas; extracranially
