8/28/12 Flashcards
What are the main adverse side effects of glitazones?
hepatotoxicity and fluid retention (danger CHF)
What are organophosphates again?
Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors.
What is the tx for organophosphate poisoning? What does each drug do?
Atropine (muscarinic antagonist) and pralidoxime (cholinesterase reactivator)
Why is the manifestation of Creuyzfeld-Jakob disease called spongiform encephalopathy?
Many vacuoles between neurons and within their perikaryons.
In what time range after an MI does macrophage infiltration and phagocytosis of dead myocardium predominate the histological picture?
5-10 days
What predominates the histology of the myocardium 10-14 days post-MI?
granulation tissue and neovascularization
What is the most severe side effect of doxorubicin therapy? Mechanism? Commom clinical presentation?
Dilated cardiomyopathy; free radical damage to myocardium; CHF
What is the normal alveolar partial pressure of O2 @ sea level?
100 mmHg
What is the effect of cyanide toxicity on blood gases?
Increased venous O2 content
What is the preferred treatment for pts. w/ both absence seizures and tonic-clonic seizures?
Valproate
What is the most feared, but uncommon, side effect of carbamazepine?
Agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia
Carbamazepine is the drug of choice for _______ seizures and is also effective in _______ seizures.
complex partial; generalized tonic clonic
What are the cause and mechanism of the ECG findings below?
Wolff-Parkinson-White pre-excitation syndrome: Quick conductance of the atrial depolarization to the ventricles via the accessory pathway (bundle of Kent) allows the ventricles to start depolarizing early.
Once Cryptococcus has been seen in the CSF using India ink, what method can be used to corroborate the Dx? To confirm it?
Latex particle agglutination test for capsular antigen; culture on Sabourad’s agar.
What is the standard tx for Cryptococcal meningitis? What is added for HIV(+) pts?
Amphotericin B; flucytosine
