9/8/12 a Flashcards
What eq’n relates flow (Q) to resistance (R)?
Q = P1-P2 / R
What is the eg’n for Resistance?
R = η*L / r^4
where η = viscosity, L=length; r = radius
What eq’n, then, relates Q to r?
Q = [(P1-P2) / (η*L)] * r^4
In words, how does Q relate to r?
Q is proportional to r^4
What is the clinical manifestation of oculomotor diabetic neuropathy?
down and out gaze
What is the mech of oculomotor diabetic neuropathy? How does the anatomy of CN III affect the Sx?
ischemia of CN III; somatomotor fibers in center of nerve (parasympathetic unaffected b/c at periphery)
What fibers of CN III are affected in compression of the nerve as in uncal herniation?
motor and parasympathetic
What is the effect of parasympathetic dysfunction in the oculomotor nerve?
mydriasis
What is the effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on the oculomotor nerve?
compression, loss of pupillary reflex
What is the effect of prolactin on GnRH?
reduced production
What is the intracellular target of Rifampin?
RNA polymerase
HBV can be detected in all bodily fluids except _______.
stool
When does anti-HBs IgG appear in the serum?
After vaccination or successful resolution of HBV infection.
What is the usual route of HCV transmission?
Hematologic (i.e. IV drug use or blood transfusion).
What is the usual route of HDV infection?
blood
ECG shows ST-elevation in leads V1 and V2 along with 2nd degree heart block. What coronary artery is likely infarcted?
LAD
A proximal infarction of the LAD could cause ST-elevation in which leads?
V1-V4
Transmural ischemia resulting from occlusion of the circumflex a. would lead to ST-elevation in which leads?
V5 and V6; possibly I and aVL
A STEMI d/t occlusion of the left main coronary artery would be expected to cause ST-elevation in which leads?
all chest leads and possibly I and aVL
An “inferior wall infarct” would most likely result from an occlusion of which artery?
PDA / RCA
Which enzyme of the TCA cycle also serves as complex II of the electron transport chain? What cofactor does it require?
succinate dehydrogenase; FAD
G6PD is the RLS in what p-way?
pentose phosphate shunt!!!
What neoplams are associated w/ H. pylori infection?
gastric adenocarcinoma and MALToma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumor)
Within the lung, rupture of apical blebs is thought to be the cause of _______.
spontaneous pneumothorax
What nerve provides the sensory portion of the corneal reflex? the motor part?
nasociliary branch of V1; temporal branch of CN VII
What might you suspect in a pt w/ hyperphosphatemia despite consistently high levels of PTH?
renal failure
What does the kidney do w/ excess 25-hydrocholecalciferol?
produces 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
What substance could you administer orally to determine if malabsorption is of pancreatic or GI mucosal etiology? In which case will it be absorbed?
D-xylose; pancreatic insufficiency
Peroxidase positive granules in a hematological neoplasm indicates a _______ origin. These granules are called _______.
myeloblast; Auer rods
CD19 and CD10 are markers of _______.
B-cell precursors
CD1, CD2, and CD5 positive cells are _______.
T-cell precursors
Terminal deoxynucleotidetransferase (TdT) is found in what hematological malignancy frequently found in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (B- or T-cell precursors)
What is the order of electrical conduction through the conduction system of the heart?
SA->atria->AV->bundle of His->branches of His->Purkinje fibers->ventricles
What is the AV nodes intrinsic pacemaker rate?
45-55 bpm
If the bundle of His, His fibers, or Purkinje fibers serve as the heart’s pacemeaker, what would the rate and ECG pattern look like?
very slow rate (20-45 bpm); wide, abnormal QRS
