8/31/12

Question 1

What differentiates nafcillin, methicillin, and oxacillin from other penicillins?

Answer 1

Beta-lactamase resistant

Question 2

Nafcillin is often used empirically to treat skin and soft tissue infections for which _______ is often the cause.

Answer 2

S. aureus

Question 3

Why aren’t antibiotics used to treat food poisoning caused by S. aureus?

Answer 3

B/c it is usually due to preformed exotoxin.

Question 4

What dsDNA virus would cause chronic CNS demyelination due to infection of oligodendrocytes (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)?

Answer 4

JC virus

Question 5

Name 2 important S-100 positive tumors.

Answer 5

Schwannoma and melanoma

Question 6

What is the only cranial nerve that cannot develop a Schwannoma?

Answer 6

CN II (oligodendrocytes provide myelin)

Question 7

What is the location of the most common intracranial Schwannoma?

Answer 7

Acoustic neuroma - cerebellopontine angle

Question 8

What is typical of the growth pattern of Schwannomas?

Answer 8

Dense and loose areas of growth (Antoni A and Antoni B areas)

Question 9

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

Answer 9

Paradoxical rise in JVD on inspiration.

Question 10

When and why is Kussmaul’s sign seen?

Answer 10

In chronic constrictive pericarditis. Venous return increases on inspiration, but there is no place for it to go.

Question 11

What is a common cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 11

Tuberculous caseous pericarditis.

Question 12

What are the 2 ATP required for each cycle of actin-myosin interaction in muscle fibrils?

Answer 12

1 for detaching the myosin head (cocking) and 1 for taking Ca++ back up into the SR.

Question 13

What can cause a holosystolic murmur other than a VSD?

Answer 13

mitral regurgitation

Question 14

What classically causes a mid-systolic click?

Answer 14

mitral prolapse

Question 15

What is the difference between mitral valve regurgitation and prolapse?

Answer 15

Prolapse is a thickening of the aortic leaflets that may lead to regurg.

Question 16

Name the 3 major non-selective β-blockers.

Answer 16

Propranolol, nadolol, timolol

Question 17

What is a drug used for both testicular and small cell lung cancer that induces double-stranded DNA breaks in replicating cells?

Answer 17

etoposide

Question 18

What is the difference between topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II?

Answer 18

topo I nicks 1 strand of DNA and topo II nicks both.

Question 19

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-deoxyuridine are both anti-metabolites that inhibit _______?

Answer 19

thymidilate synthase

Question 20

The vast majority of Down syndrome cases are due to non-disjunction during what general phase of maternal cell division?

Answer 20

meiosis I

Question 21

What is the primary route of copper excretion?

Answer 21

Excretion with the bile

Question 22

Which enxyme is INHIBITED by F-2,6-BP?

Answer 22

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 23

What is is the urine Cl- level in metabolic alkalosis d/t vomiting or NG suction? Does it respond to saline?

Answer 23

low urine Cl-; saline responsive

Question 23

What is the urine Cl- level in contraction alkalosis (thiazide and loop diuretics)? Responsive to saline?

Answer 23

hi urine Cl-; saline responsive

Question 24

What is the urine Cl- level in metabolic alkalosis caused by hyperaldosteronism? Responsive to saline?

Answer 24

hi urine Cl-; saline-resistant

Question 25

What are the treatments necessary for acute infection of the oro-/nasopharynx by C. diphtheriae in order of importance?

Answer 25

1. passive immuniZation
2. Abx (Penicillin is DoC)
3. active immunization (DTaP)

Question 26

What is the effect of the diphtheria AB exotoxin?

Answer 26

inhibits EF-2!

Question 27

What is the most common cause of death in acute diphtheria?

Answer 27

cardiomyopathy