8/31/12 pt. II Flashcards
What nerve may be impinged upon in uncal herniation?
CN III
What is the first sign of uncal herniation?
ipsilateral fixed, dilated pupil
What is the enzyme responsible for converting glucose to sorbitol and galactose to galactitol?
Aldose Reductase!
What is the most commonly prescribed tx combo for ascites?
furosemide + spironolactone
In a 3-lead pacemaker, where are the 3 leads placed?
Through the SVC: RA and RV; then through the coronary sinus to the LV
What is the route of meningeal contamination in Neisseria meningitis?
pharynx–>blood–>choroid plexus–>meninges
What is the route of meningeal contamination in the H. influenzae meningitis?
pharynx–>lymphatics–>meninges
Glucocorticosteroids exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting _______.
phospholipase A2
What is the typical tx for hyperammonemia?
Continuous administration of a disaccharide such as lactulose that will, d/t the action of colonic bacteria, acidify the colonic contents, ionizing ammonia to ammonium, and trapping it for excretion.
What is foscarnet?
pyrophosphate analog that inhibits viral polymerases. no intracellular activation required
What are the main uses of foscarnet?
advanced AIDS pts w/ acyclovir-resistant HSV or gancyclovir-resistant CMV
What is the mech of amantidine (as an antiviral)?
Blocks the M2 ion channel required for influenza A viral uncoating (after endocytosis).
What is oseltamivir?
A sialic acid analog neuraminidase inhibitor (influenza A and B)
What is the mech of long QT syndrome?
Mutated K+ channels and delayed rectifier current in cardiomyocytes.
What are the riks of long QT syndrome?
syncope, V-Tach (including Torsade de pointes)
