8/31/12 pt. III Flashcards
What structure would be most apparently atrophied on brain MRI in early Alzheimer’s?
hippocampus
What is the structure of fetal Hb?
α2γ2
What area of the body is inflamed in Scarlet fever and not in Kawasaki’s disease? What in Kawasaki’s but not Scarlet fever??
orophharynx; conjunctiva
What 2 factors determine PaCO2?
basal metabolic rate / alveolar ventilation
What are the 3 important cytokines released by Th2 cells in allergic pts?
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
What does IL-4 do?
Causes B-cell class switching to IgE.
What does IL-5 do?
recruits Eosinophils
What does IL-10 do?
Promotes Th0 fifferentiation to Th2
What leukotrienes are released by mast cells in an allergic reaction?
LT-C4, -D4, and -E4
What do leukotrienes- C4, D4, and E4 do?
Bronchoconstriction (venous permeability)
What are the two unusual things found in the mucus of asthmatics?
Curschmann spirals and Charcot-Leyden crystals
What should you test for in a 2-yo w/ nasal polyps?
CF
`What should you suspect in an adult with nasal polyps and asthma?
Aspirin-intolerant asthma
What is the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis?
necrotizing inflammation of the airways causes damage to airway wall and dilation.
What pulmonary disease is caused by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
bronchiectasis
What 2 groups of pts are prone to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
asthmatics and CF
What is the clinical presentation of bronchiectasis?
cough, dyspnea, foul-smelling sputum
Bronchiectasis can cause a secondary _______ due to inflammatory response. This causes a deposition of _______.
amyloidosis; AA amyloid
What are the main substances produced by Mast cells that prolong the acute inflammatory response? (2nd phase of mast cell response)
leukotrienes
Where is the common peroneal nerve most commonly injured?
fibular head
Which compartment of the leg contains the deep peroneal nerve? What artery runs in the same compartment? What does it innervate?
anterior compartment; ant. tibial a.; dorsiflexors of foot and skin between first 2 toes.
What compartment of the leg contains the superficial peroneal nerve? What artery is there? What does the nerve innervate?
lateral compartment; peroneal artery; everters of the foot and most of the dorsal cutaneous innervation of the foot
What provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior leg and lateral foot?
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
