8/31/12 pt. III

Question 1

What structure would be most apparently atrophied on brain MRI in early Alzheimer’s?

Answer 1

hippocampus

Question 2

What is the structure of fetal Hb?

Answer 2

α2γ2

Question 3

What area of the body is inflamed in Scarlet fever and not in Kawasaki’s disease? What in Kawasaki’s but not Scarlet fever??

Answer 3

orophharynx; conjunctiva

Question 4

What 2 factors determine PaCO2?

Answer 4

basal metabolic rate / alveolar ventilation

Question 5

What are the 3 important cytokines released by Th2 cells in allergic pts?

Answer 5

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10

Question 6

What does IL-4 do?

Answer 6

Causes B-cell class switching to IgE.

Question 7

What does IL-5 do?

Answer 7

recruits Eosinophils

Question 8

What does IL-10 do?

Answer 8

Promotes Th0 fifferentiation to Th2

Question 9

What leukotrienes are released by mast cells in an allergic reaction?

Answer 9

LT-C4, -D4, and -E4

Question 10

What do leukotrienes- C4, D4, and E4 do?

Answer 10

Bronchoconstriction (venous permeability)

Question 11

What are the two unusual things found in the mucus of asthmatics?

Answer 11

Curschmann spirals and Charcot-Leyden crystals

Question 12

What should you test for in a 2-yo w/ nasal polyps?

Answer 12

CF

Question 12

`What should you suspect in an adult with nasal polyps and asthma?

Answer 12

Aspirin-intolerant asthma

Question 13

What is the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis?

Answer 13

necrotizing inflammation of the airways causes damage to airway wall and dilation.

Question 14

What pulmonary disease is caused by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

Answer 14

bronchiectasis

Question 15

What 2 groups of pts are prone to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

Answer 15

asthmatics and CF

Question 16

What is the clinical presentation of bronchiectasis?

Answer 16

cough, dyspnea, foul-smelling sputum

Question 17

Bronchiectasis can cause a secondary _______ due to inflammatory response. This causes a deposition of _______.

Answer 17

amyloidosis; AA amyloid

Question 18

What are the main substances produced by Mast cells that prolong the acute inflammatory response? (2nd phase of mast cell response)

Answer 18

leukotrienes

Question 19

Where is the common peroneal nerve most commonly injured?

Answer 19

fibular head

Question 20

Which compartment of the leg contains the deep peroneal nerve? What artery runs in the same compartment? What does it innervate?

Answer 20

anterior compartment; ant. tibial a.; dorsiflexors of foot and skin between first 2 toes.

Question 21

What compartment of the leg contains the superficial peroneal nerve? What artery is there? What does the nerve innervate?

Answer 21

lateral compartment; peroneal artery; everters of the foot and most of the dorsal cutaneous innervation of the foot

Question 22

What provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior leg and lateral foot?

Answer 22

lateral sural cutaneous nerve