8/27/12 Flashcards
What tumor marker should be monitored in pts w/ liver cirrhosis and at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Alpha-fetoprotein
CA-125 is a tumor marker elevated in 80% of people with _______.
ovarian cancer
Are the ACh receptors at the neuromuscular junction muscarinic or nicotinic? Ionotropic or metabotropic?
Nicotinic, ionotropic
Pt. w/ Marfanoid habitus, numerous flesh-colored nodules around the oral mucosa, and suspected medullary carcinoma of the thyhroid. Dx?
MEN 2B (Syndrome also includes pheochromocytoma.)
What are the characteristics of MEN 1 syndrome?
“diamond”; 3 P’s:
Pituitary tumor (prolactin or GH)
Parathyroid tumors
Pancreatic (gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon)
What are the characteristics of MEN 2A?
“square”; 2 P’s:
Parathyroids
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (parafollicular cells)
What are the characteristics of MEN 2B?
"triangle"; 1 P: Pheochromocytoma Oral/intestinal ganglioneuromas Medullary carc. of the thyroid (Marfanoid habitus)
Name the hemorrhagic skin lesions in increasing order of size.
petechia, purpura, ecchymosis
What is the size of a purpuric lesion?
5mm - 1 cm
How does Protein A, found on the surface of S. aureus, prevent opsonization?
binds Fc portion of IgG
IgA protease is a virulence factor seen in some strains of _______.
Strep. pneumoniae
How do you differentiate Aspergillus from Rhizopus or Mucor in the nasal cavity of an immunosuppressed pt?
Aspergillus - V-shaped (45 deg) branching
Mucor/Rhizopus/Absidia - right angles
Black necrotic eschar in nasal mucosa of pt. who had DKA. Tx?
surgical debridement and amphotericin B