8.6 Protein Quality Flashcards
What does protein quality typically refer to?
- How well a protein is digested
- How the types and quantities of amino acids in that protein source match the body requirements
What are the 3 main ways to assess protein quality?
- Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)
- Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)
- Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
How does the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) assess protein quality?
Compares the amino acid content of a foods against a standard amino acid profile. Highest score is 1.0
How does the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) assess protein quality?
Measures how well amino acids are digested in the ileum and more closely estimates the amount of amino acids absorbed by the body
How does the protein efficiency ratio (PER)assess protein quality?
How much weight an animal gains when consuming a specific amount of protein, divided by the amount of foods it consumed
Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which is the industry standard?
Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)
Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which method is used in Canada?
Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which method is in development but on track to be the primary method?
Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)
Protein _________ are not typically required, as it’s easy to meet all our requirements
supplements
Where can proteins be supplemented from?
Whole sources or from protein supplements, like powders
How does protein supplementation affect our body?
Strength and muscle size increases, especially in younger people who regularly train.
At what point do protein supplements stop improving gains?
1.62g/kg
What are branched-chain amino acids?
Essential amino acids that have a branched side chain that can be found in whole sources or supplemented
Branched-chain amino acids account for what percentage of the dietary essential amino acids found in body protein?
35-40%
What do branched-chain amino acids for out body?
Reduce muscle damage associated with weight training, especially of consumed before exercise
Why might you want to get proteins from animal sources?
More total protein, higher PDCAAS, complete proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and Omega-3 fatty acids
Why might you not want to get proteins from animal sources?
Higher in saturated fat and are absent in fibre and phytochemicals
Processed animal products increase CVD risk/mortality
Ethical/environmental concerns
Why were traditional Indigenous diets high in protein?
Hunting and fishing practices
How has colonization negatively affected the indigenous diet in regard to protein?
Hunting and fishing limited, processed meats became more prevalent
Game meats have more total protein and _______ than processed meats
tryptophans
What is tryptophan?
An essential amino acid involved in many processes including mood regulation and sleep
What is a criticism of PER?
Test subjects used for determining PER does not correlate strongly with the growth of humans
Where are branched chain amino acids metabolized?
In muscles, rather than the liver
