8.6 Protein Quality

Question 1

What does protein quality typically refer to?

Answer 1

• How well a protein is digested

- How the types and quantities of amino acids in that protein source match the body requirements

Question 2

What are the 3 main ways to assess protein quality?

Answer 2

• Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)
• Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)
• Protein efficiency ratio (PER)

Question 3

How does the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) assess protein quality?

Answer 3

Compares the amino acid content of a foods against a standard amino acid profile. Highest score is 1.0

Question 4

How does the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) assess protein quality?

Answer 4

Measures how well amino acids are digested in the ileum and more closely estimates the amount of amino acids absorbed by the body

Question 5

How does the protein efficiency ratio (PER)assess protein quality?

Answer 5

How much weight an animal gains when consuming a specific amount of protein, divided by the amount of foods it consumed

Question 6

Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which is the industry standard?

Answer 6

Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

Question 7

Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which method is used in Canada?

Answer 7

Protein efficiency ratio (PER)

Question 8

Out of the 3 main ways to assess protein quality, which method is in development but on track to be the primary method?

Answer 8

Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)

Question 9

Protein _________ are not typically required, as it’s easy to meet all our requirements

Answer 9

supplements

Question 10

Where can proteins be supplemented from?

Answer 10

Whole sources or from protein supplements, like powders

Question 11

How does protein supplementation affect our body?

Answer 11

Strength and muscle size increases, especially in younger people who regularly train.

Question 12

At what point do protein supplements stop improving gains?

Answer 12

1.62g/kg

Question 13

What are branched-chain amino acids?

Answer 13

Essential amino acids that have a branched side chain that can be found in whole sources or supplemented

Question 14

Branched-chain amino acids account for what percentage of the dietary essential amino acids found in body protein?

Answer 14

35-40%

Question 15

What do branched-chain amino acids for out body?

Answer 15

Reduce muscle damage associated with weight training, especially of consumed before exercise

Question 16

Why might you want to get proteins from animal sources?

Answer 16

More total protein, higher PDCAAS, complete proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 17

Why might you not want to get proteins from animal sources?

Answer 17

Higher in saturated fat and are absent in fibre and phytochemicals
Processed animal products increase CVD risk/mortality
Ethical/environmental concerns

Question 18

Why were traditional Indigenous diets high in protein?

Answer 18

Hunting and fishing practices

Question 19

How has colonization negatively affected the indigenous diet in regard to protein?

Answer 19

Hunting and fishing limited, processed meats became more prevalent

Question 20

Game meats have more total protein and _______ than processed meats

Answer 20

tryptophans

Question 21

What is tryptophan?

Answer 21

An essential amino acid involved in many processes including mood regulation and sleep

Question 22

What is a criticism of PER?

Answer 22

Test subjects used for determining PER does not correlate strongly with the growth of humans

Question 23

Where are branched chain amino acids metabolized?

Answer 23

In muscles, rather than the liver