8.2 Protein Structure Flashcards
What are the basic building block of proteins?
Amino acids
Amino acids have an ________ group and a ________ ______ group in their chemical structure
amine, carboxalic acid
What is contained within an amine/amino group?
Nitrogen
When is contained within a carboxalic acid group?
Oxygen
What is the side chain?
The group of items attached in the bottom centre of the amino acid that differentiates it from the rest
How many amino acids are there?
21
What makes amino acids different?
What amino acids the side chain is composed of
__ amino acids are non-essential and __ are considered essential
12, 9
How can amino acids be used to make ATP?
The amino group (nitrogen containing group) must be taken off through deamination
The remaining structure can be used to go into the various steps of cellular respiration
What is a complete protein
A food with all 9 essential amino acids
What foods are complete proteins?
Animal products
What are limiting amino acids?
Essential amino acids missing from incomplete proteins
What is complementing proteins/mutual complementation?
Eating a variety of plant products so the amino acids complement each other
What is transamination?
The liver creating a non-essential amino acid during protein synthesis
How many structures of proteins are there?
4
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Made from amino acids bonding together, making a peptide bond through hydrolysis.
What determines a protein’s function?
The amino acid order in the polypeptide chain.
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Evidenced by alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets
What is the tertiary structure of proteins?
Formed after secondary structure and arises from interactions between side chains. Further folding into a fully functioning protein
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
Several tertiary structure bind together, usually less than 8
