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BPK 110 > 3.3 Digestive System > Flashcards

3.3 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive tract is a long tube-like structure from the _____ to the ____ that is typically considered _______ the body

A

mouth, anus, outside

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2
Q

How is the digestive tract separated?

A

Different sphincters exist along the track

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3
Q

How long does it take for material to pass through the digestive tract? Where does it take the longest?

A

Around 2 days. Most of the time spent in the large intestine

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4
Q

Surround the digestive tract is a _-layer wall that all faces into the lumen. What is the lumen?

A

7, where digestive practices occur

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5
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

1st layer from inner small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed

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6
Q

What is the submucoso?

A

3rd layer from inner small intestine, where blood vessels are (where nutrients get sent)

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7
Q

What is the muscularis?

A

5th layer from inner small intestine, smooth muscles (longitudinal and circular smooth). Helps us change diameter for tract

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8
Q

What is the serosa?

A

7th layer from inner small intestine, helps bind digestive tract to nearby structures and provides fluid motion

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9
Q

How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

A
  • Teeth rip food apart
  • Tongue pushes food to teeth and mixes with saliva
  • Salivary glands secrete saliva, which contain amylase, lingual lipase, lubrication, and lysozyme (disinfectant)
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10
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A ball of food when it leaves the mouth

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11
Q

How does the pharynx contribute to digestion?

A

Just a common passage for food, has no active digestion or absorption.

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12
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A muscle flap that directs food from the throat posterially into the esophagus instead of the trachea (windpipe)

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13
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The circular smooth muscles contracting in a wave like fashion to push food down. For example, in the esophagus

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14
Q

How does the stomach contribute to digestion?

A
  • Temporary reservoir for food (4-5 hours) before small intestine is ready for it.
  • 3 layers of muscle allow it to churn (longitudinal, circular, and diagonal)
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15
Q

What is chyme?

A

The form food is when it leaves the stomach in a semi-liquid form

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16
Q

What is in gastric juice? What is the purpose for each component?

A
  • Mucus: lubrication, site for chemical reactions and protection
  • Gastric lipase: break down lipids
  • Hydrochloric Acid: Unravels proteins, activate pepsinogen
  • Pepsinogen: Becomes pepsin, which digests protein
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17
Q

How does the small intestine contribute to digestion?

A

Primary site of digestion and absorption

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18
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? Where are the located?

A

Duodenum (beginning), jejunum (middle), and ileum (end)

19
Q

What is the length and surface area of the small intestine?

A

6m, size of tennis court due to folds, villi, and micro villi

20
Q

How is the body protected from the stomach’s gastric juice?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter close as stomach churns food and gastric juice

21
Q

What are villis?

A

Functional units of the small intestine that actually absorb nutrients into blood vessels.

22
Q

What are micro villis?

A

Additional villis and villis that increase surface area and secrete some digestive enzymes

23
Q

What is the brush boarder? What are brush boarder enzymes?

A

Brush boarder is the collection of micro villi as it looks like a brush stroke

Brush boarder enzymes are enzymes secreted by the micro villi

24
Q

What are some absorption processes that nutrients can use to be taken into the villi?

A

Osmosis - Water
Passive diffusion - lipids, fat-soluble vitamins
Facilitated diffusion - fructose
Active transport (requires energy) - glucose, amino acids

25
Q

What are protein transporters?

A

Proteins embedded in the cell that allow nutrients to pass through

26
Q

Which types of absorption use protein transporters?

A

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

27
Q

How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?

A

Any unabsorbed material is either packaged for removal or acted upon by bacteria

28
Q

Where does the food spend most of it’s time within the digestive tract?

A

Large intestine

29
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

1.5 meters

30
Q

What is the main part of the large intestine?

A

The colon

31
Q

What is the microbiota?

A

All the non-human organisms found in our body

32
Q

What is a microbiome?

A

The genetic material of the non-human organisms found in our body

33
Q

What does the microbiota help with?

A
  • Vitamin K, B2, and B12 synthesis
  • Energy harvesting (ferment some fibres)
  • Health/disease
  • Appetite
  • To be determined
34
Q

Where is the largest population of microbiota found in?

A

Large intestine

35
Q

How many species of bacteria can be found in the microbiota?

A

300-500

36
Q

What are some accessory organs to the digestive tract?

A

Liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

37
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

The collective entity of all nerves and nerve plexuses found in the digestive tract

38
Q

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

39
Q

What sphincter controls access to the small intestine?

A

pyloric

40
Q

What stomach has many _______ that increase surface area and allow more stomach cells to be involved in digestion

A

crypts

41
Q

What are enterocytes? What is there role?

A

Small intestine cells that line the villus surface. To increase surface area

42
Q

What are lacteals?

A

A lymphatic vessel where larger lipids and fat soluble vitamins are absorbed into in the small intestine

43
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A

A vessel that drains items from the lacteal into the bloodstream.

BPK 110 (58 decks)

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