5.5 Diuretics Flashcards
What are diuretics?
Substances that promote water loss through urination
What is an example of a diuretic?
Water pills that promote sodium excretion at the kidneys (and water alongside with it)
What common substances we consume regularly are diuretics?
Alcohol and caffeine (psychoactive drugs)
What is caffeine mainly used for?
Stimulant effects (alertness, reduced tiredness)
Besides the caffeine, what is coffee good for?
May reduce disease with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
What can caffeine increase the risk of?
Miscarriage and kidney stones
What can excessive alcohol intake increase the risk of?
Cancer, liver cirrhosis, confusion, dementia, malnutrition, all-cause mortality, etc
Consuming - servings of alcohol a day may provide slightly lower risk of CVD
1, 2
What are factors that affect intoxication level?
- Volume consumed
- Absorption speed
- Individual size (how much blood we have in body)
- Gender (woman absorb more)
- Genetic factors
- Type of alcohol
- Menstruation cycle
Where is 90% of alcohol metabolized and eliminated at?
The liver
What are the enzyme responsible for metabolizing alcohol?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
What can impact Alcohol dehydrogenase and Aldehyde dehydrogenase? What can this cause?
Genetics
Facial redness, nausea, sweating, dizziness, and racing heart
How is alcohol broken down?
Alcohol broken by alcohol dehydrogenase into acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde broken by Aldehyde dehydrogenase into acetate
Acetate turned into Acetyl CoA, which enters citric acid cycle or turn into fat.
What are symptoms of hangovers?
Vomiting, tiredness, decreases attention, decreases concentration, stomach pain, disturbed sleep, headache
What are hangovers caused by?
Direct affect of alcohol, acetaldehyde buildup, or congeners
