11.4 Determinants of Body Size Flashcards
What are some determinants of obesity?
Genetics Food consumption Individual Psychology Social Psychology Individual Physical Activity Physical Activity Environment Physiology
How do twins support the notion that genetics can make someone more likely to become obese?
Identical twins have a stronger BMI correlation than fraternal twins
When identical twins are overfed, they gain similar amounts of weight, but different to others
What evidence supports that genetics can make someone more likely to become obese?
We have similar body size/shapes to our parents
Genome-wide association studies have found ~100 mutations are more common in individuals with obesity (mainly associated with appetite)
In relation to genetics, obesity is _______ in nature
polygenic (caused by multiple changes in genes)
Define appetite, hunger, and satiety. What are these things controlled by?
Appetite - drive to consume food
Hunger - physiological need to consume food
Satiety - Sense of fullness
Appetite and Satiety controlled by hypothalamus
What can effect our appetite?
Adipose tissue Digestive tract - CCK, GLP1, ghrelin Microbiome Thoughts Emotions
What is an obesogenic environment
The abundance of food and food cues in our environment that promote a constant stream of signals to provoke high energy consumption
An obesogenic environment + food that is ____-dense and _____ poor can lead to obesity
energy, nutrient
How can our mental health status effect our bodies in relation to body size?
Stress and the way we think about ourselves and our bodies can affect how much we eat and exercise.
How can our emotions influence appetite?
Food has a rewarding effect on brain, and we eat to cope
How can social psychology affect our appetite?
Affect food preferences, body size acceptance, physical activity.
In addition, perceived lack of time (our current way of life) may compromise our ability to eat healthy and be active
What is the main controllable factor for maintaining energy balance?
Physical activity
What can increase/decrease our desire to be active?
Childhood experiences, physical capacities, and perceptions of activity
If your job is active or sedentary
How can Physical Activity Environment effect are energy balance?
Infrastructure, urban planning (zoning), transit, safety, and weather can affect activity level
How can physiology effect our energy balance?
We all handle energy differently (different BMR, hormones, genetics)
Differences in microbiome and appetite regulation can have significant impacts on energy balance
