6.2 Types of Carbs Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of carbs?
- Sugars
- Starches
- Fibres
What makes all types of carbs similar?
They have a similar structure of glucose, a hexagonal sugar
What is the term for a single sugar? Double sugar?
Monosaccharide, disaccharide
____ don’t need to be broken down very much as they are already the base structure
sugars
Starches are also made up of ________, but are formed as long ______
glucose, chains
Starches can be both linear and _______
branched
What are the 2 main types of starch?
Amylose (not branched)
Amylopectin (branched)
Foods made of just starch are broken down _______
quickly, which can cause blood sugar spikes
Fibers are made of what?
Chains of glucose connected by different kinds of bonds than starch bonds
Why is fibre hard to digest?
The bonds are made by things that humans dont have enzymes for
Describe the structure of a cereal grain. What is removed during processing?
Outer: Bran Layer. Contains fibre, B vitamins, calcium
Middle: Endosperm. Contains Starch, protein, B vitamins
Inner: Germ Layer (Embryo). Contains protein, lipid, vitamin E
Germ and Bran layers are usually removed
What are 3 main monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What are the 3 main disaccharides and what are they made of?
Sucrose (glu and fru)
Maltose (glu and glu)
Lactose (glu and galact)
What makes bread sweet?
The maltose in it that is broken down as it is chewed
What is an oligosaccharide?
A molecule with few monosaccharides in its chains (between 3-10)
What are polysaccharides?
Molecules with chains of monosaccharides greater than 10 units in length
What is classified as a fiber?
Cellulose, dextrin, inulin, and other plant substances that human enzymes cannot break down
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre?
Soluble - dissolves in water, can ferment into short-chain fatty acids, provides 2-3 kcal of energy, decrease blood glucose, traps cholesterol
Insoluble - Facilitates passage of food material though digestive track.
What is glycogen? What is its purpose?
Large, unbranched chain of glucose units, synthesized internally. Used for quick energy.
