7.2 Types of Lipids

Question 1

What are the 3 types of lipids?

Answer 1

Triglycerides (TG)
Sterols
phospholipids

Question 2

What does a TG look like?

Answer 2

g
l ~~~~~~~~~~ (fatty acids)
y
c
e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r
o~~~~~\_\_\_\_
l
(backbone)

Question 3

What is a degree of saturation?

Answer 3

The level of saturation that each fatty acid can have on a TG

Question 4

What is a saturated fat (fatty acid)?

Answer 4

A fat with no double bonds in its structure.

It is saturated with the max amount of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon.

Question 5

What does a diet high in sat fats imply?

Answer 5

Higher risk of CVD (still in research)

Question 6

What is an unsaturated fat (fatty acid)?

Answer 6

A fat with at least double bond in its structure.

There are less hydrogens (less saturated with hydrogens)

Question 7

Why is the kink in the chain of unsat fats caused by?

Answer 7

Due to the structure (less hydrogen atoms)

Question 8

What is a mono and poly unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 8

mono - 1 double bond

poly - more than 1 double bond

Question 9

Should we consume more unsat fats or sat fats?

Answer 9

unsat fats

Question 10

What does it mean for a fat to be a cis unsat fat?

Answer 10

The hydrogen atoms are on the same (cis) side of the double bond

HH
| |
__
__

Question 11

What is a trans unsat fat?

Answer 11

The hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond

H
|
\_\_
\_\_
  |
  H

Question 12

______ fatty acids in high amounts increase risk of CVD and are negative for the body.

Answer 12

Trans

Question 13

Where are the main places we find trans fats?

Answer 13

Highly processed foods like cookies.

Question 14

What are the main types of fat we take into the body?

Answer 14

Triglycerides

Question 15

_____ can also makes fatty acids different

Answer 15

Length

Question 16

How do we take in medium chain and long chain fatty acids?

Answer 16

Diet

Question 17

What are 2 essential fatty acids. What was it known as before? What are they used for? How are they obtained?

Answer 17

alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3) and linoleic acid (omega 6).
Vitamin F
Synthesize other fatty acids
Must be consumed from diet.

Question 18

What is hydrogenation? Why would you want to do this?

Answer 18

Converting cis-fatty acids into trans-fatty acids. They are more stable and have a longer shelf life.

Question 19

Phospholipids have only _ fatty acids and a phosphate group

Answer 19

2