2.2 Networking Devices Flashcards
NIC
Network Interface Card
a. Are used to connect devices to a network
*built into modern computer systems [plug network cable]
b. Has a unique 48-bit MAC address
c. Link Light & Activity Lights = explain connections made to the NIC
**Green = Link Light: verifies the cable is plugged in at both ends
**Amber = Activity Light: will blink as data goes through the interface
Hub
a. A legacy device used to connect & manage wired communications in a LAN
**Communicates by broadcasting
**Uses CSMA / CD to manage the collisions
b. DON’T use anymore
c. Hubs & switches look at exactly the same
d. Problem = took data from one port & repeated [BROADCASTED] to other ports
***Multiport repeaters
e. EX: Port 1 talking to Port 5
**Port 2 wants to talk to Port 1 at the same time
***Causes collision of data
f. More computers = more data = more collisions = slower
Switch
a. Is used to connect & manage wired communications in a LAN
**Forward frames based on MAC addresses
**Managed switches vs Unmanaged switches
b. Switches can get big = 48 ports
c. Data comes into switch: switch knows that every port has certain MAC address
d. Switches data is based on MAC addresses
***Forwards data as it gets it [NO REPEATING]
Managed Switches
-Can be configured
-Used in enterprise LANs to meet their needs for enforcing policies
-Provide additional functions like VLANs, port security, DHCP snooping & dynamic ARP inspection
-Expensive
Unmanaged Switches
–CANNOT be configured
–Used in SOHO networks
–Lower cost
Router
a. Used to connect different broadcasting domains to each other
b. Commonly: used to connect a LAN to WAN
—Site-to-Site or the Internet
c. Forwards traffic based on IP addresses in packets
d. Can usually provide DHCP
Firewall
a. Firewalls are security devices used to prevent authorized access to a LAN from the Internet
—Blocks Connections
—Can be a hardware appliance / host-based software
DMZ
Demilitarized Zone
–It is a segment of the network that a firewall DOES NOT protect
–This is used to INTENTIONALLY expose a device to the Internet
Ports 0 – 1023
Common Ports
Common apps = FTP, HTTP
Ports 1024 – 48,000 / 49,000
Registered Ports
Registered by particular manufacturers
SONICWALL
is an example of a firewall
Access Point [AP]
a. Device you plug into switch / router & gives ability to connect wirelessly in a LAN
b. Uses Radio Frequencies [RF] to transmit host data
c. Host A & Host B –> <–AP – Switch
SOHO Router
Small Office Home Office
are multifunction devices offering many features beyond routing
Always includes:
–wireless
–switching
–firewall security
–DHCP
Can include:
–Content filtering
–File server
–Print server
–VPN client & server
- Used to connect LAN to the Internet
- Forward traffic based on IP addresses in PACKETS
- Router, switch, firewall, AP [ALL IN]
DSL Modem
Digital Subscriber Line
a. Type of internet that uses telephone lines
b. Connect a network to a DSL connection
c. OLD broadband – multiple signals on a line
–Get video, data, voice, on ONE line
d. RJII Connector = plug telephone into
e. Have to put filter on the line to prevent phone from crackling
ONT
Optical Network Terminal
a. Converts the optical signal coming through the fiber into separate signals [box outside your home]
b. For TV, voice, & data
c. Verizon FIOS use ONT to connect to your home
