2.1 Protocols & Ports

Question 1

Logical Port

Answer 1

actually on the laptop

Question 2

As data comes through

Answer 2

has an ID number

Port Number = I belong in this type of application

Question 3

FTP

Answer 3

File Transfer Protocol

–share files with users in a LAN or WAN
–Supports:
-Authentication- password [verify]
-Authorizations- can / can’t access
-Directory browsing

c. Unencrypted = use SFTP

TCP Port 20 – CONTROL
TCP Port 21 – TRANSFER FILES

Question 4

TFTP

Answer 4

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

a. push [put] or pull [get] files from a server

b. manage devices like IP phones, routers, & switches

c. DOES NOT support authentication, authorization, directory browsing

d. Unencrypted – NOT recommended = use SFTP

UDP Port 69

Question 5

SFTP

Answer 5

Secure File Transfer Protocol

a. Same functions as FTP but with encryption
b. SFTP is an extension of SSH = Secure Shell

c. EX: Filezilla = FTP Application connecting to FTP server
i. Put in server name, username, PW, & Port number
ii. FTP supports SFTP
iii. Starts downloading information

TCP Port 22

Question 6

SMTP

Answer 6

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

a. Sends outgoing mail to server
b. “Send Mail To People”

TCP Port 25

Question 7

POP3

Answer 7

Post Office Protocol 3

a. Downloads INCOMING mail from a server
b. Not really used
c. Downloads & then nothing left on server

TCP Port 110

Question 8

IMAP

Answer 8

Internet Mail Access Protocol

a. Synchronizes incoming mail from a server
b. DON’T lose any emails
c. Anytime configure an email = put in username / PW

TCP Port 143

Question 9

TELNET

Answer 9

a. remote command line access to interact with a server
i. One machine controls another machine’s command prompt

b. Considered INSECURE [no encryption] & should NO longer be used, use SSH instead

c. NOT used on Windows
i. Mostly used on Linux boxes
ii. Windows – better for graphical interface

TCP Port 23

Question 10

SSH

Answer 10

Secure Shell

a. Secure version of TELNET

b. ENCRYPTED REMOTE COMMAND LINE access to interact with a server

c. SSH version 2 added SFTP & SCP support
i. SCP = Secure Copy Protocol

TCP Port 22

Question 11

DNS

Answer 11

Domain Name Service [Server]

a. Provides name to IP address resolution for host

b. Resolves Domain Name –> IP address

TCP / UDP Port 53

Question 12

DHCP

Answer 12

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

a. Gives out IP addresses to all the computers on your network

UDP Port 67 = server
UDP Port 68 = client

Question 13

HTTP

Answer 13

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

a. Used to transmit webpages

b. Transfer web pages from web server –> client

TCP Port 80

Question 14

HTTPs

Answer 14

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

a. Used to securely transmit ENCRYPTED webpages using SSL or TLS

b. Man in the middle = on path attack

TCP Port 443

Question 15

NetBIOS

Answer 15

Network Basic Input Output System

a. various network communication features in a windows network
i. in Windows before IP networking
ii. NetBIOS over TCP / IP still used in Windows
iii. Connects Windows –> Windows

b. Share files & different database setups between Windows machines

UDP Port 137: Name
UDP Port 139: Session

Question 16

SNMP

Answer 16

Simple Network Management Protocol

a. Used to query, configure, & monitor host in a LAN

b. SNMPv3 = encrypts communication [ONLY USE NOW]
i. Old version DID NOT

c. Network Admin = manage network devices, query devices, & pull off log files & monitor them

d. Basically: Network Management

UDP Port 161: Queries
UDP Port 162: Traps

Question 17

LDAP

Answer 17

Lightweight Directory Protocol

a. In domain-based network environments to facilitate system & user management

b. Used to query domains [ask questions] to find information

c. Makes Active Directory work

e. Allows to find users, find computers that domain will offer

TCP / UDP Port 389

Question 18

SMB

Answer 18

Server Message Block

a. Provides file sharing, network browsing, & printing services = transfer files across network

b. Commonly – in Windows networks, but supported in Linux, MacOS, & other devices

c. CIFS = Common Internet File System
i. An open implementation used on Linux & MacOS

TCP Port 445

Question 19

RDP

Answer 19

Remote Desktop Protocol

a. securely, remotely access a Windows desktop & control it

TCP Port 3389