13.6 Flashcards
What is role overload?
The requirement for too many tasks to be performed in too short a time period or to work too many hours.
What causes role overload in managers?
The open-ended nature of the managerial job and protracted workload, often 60 to 70 hours per week.
What is heavy responsibility as a stressor?
Executives face stress due to the significant impact their decisions have on the organization and its members.
What are operative-level stressors?
Stressors that affect individuals in non-professional and non-managerial positions, such as poor physical working conditions and poor job design.
Why is poor job design a stressor?
Jobs that are too simple or monotonous can be frustrating for those capable of handling more complex tasks.
What is a boundary role?
A role requiring interaction with people outside the organization, such as customers or the public.
What is boundary role stress?
Stress from conflicting demands between organizational roles and external expectations.
What is burnout?
A syndrome of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and low self-efficacy.
Who is most susceptible to burnout?
Those working with troubled clients, like teachers, nurses, social workers, and police.
What are the symptoms of burnout?
Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of low personal accomplishment.
What is emotional labour?
The regulation of emotions to display socially desirable behaviors, such as suppressing anger or exaggerating friendliness.
What is work engagement?
A positive, work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption.
What are the components of work engagement?
Vigor, dedication, and absorption.
What is the job demands–resources model?
A model describing work in terms of demands (effort required) and resources (support provided).
What are job demands?
Physical, psychological, social, or organizational job features requiring sustained effort that may lead to stress.
What are job resources?
Features of a job that help achieve work goals, reduce demands, and promote personal growth.
How do job resources affect work engagement?
They foster work engagement and positive work outcomes.
What is the effect of high job demands?
They can lead to burnout, disengagement, and health issues.
What is the effect of high job resources?
They foster work engagement, employee commitment, and extra-role behaviors that support organizational effectiveness.
Can job resources buffer the effects of job demands?
Recent research suggests it’s better to minimize demands and maximize resources, as resources don’t effectively buffer demands.
What is counterproductive work behaviour?
Intentional verbal or physical behaviour meant to harm one’s organization or individuals such as co-workers or customers.
What is workplace bullying?
Repeated negative behaviour directed at individuals of lower power or status that creates a hostile work environment.
What distinguishes bullying from a single harsh incident?
Its persistence and repetition, as well as a power or status imbalance between the bully and the victim.
What is mobbing in the workplace?
When a number of individuals gang up on a particular employee, restricting social support.
What is abusive supervision?
When managers bully subordinates, often leading to widespread abuse and reduced employee well-being.
What contributes to abusive supervision?
Abusive family backgrounds, personal stress, and perceived unfair treatment.
What is cyberbullying in the workplace?
Electronic abuse via email, texting, social media, or blogs, often anonymous and far-reaching.
Why is cyberbullying especially destructive?
It can be anonymous, have a large audience, and extend into non-work domains.
What is workplace ostracism?
Persistent failure to interact with a co-worker, such as shunning or excluding them.
How is ostracism linked to personality?
Neurotic individuals are more likely to suffer it; agreeable, conscientious, and extraverted people are less likely.
What are the effects of sexual harassment in the workplace?
Decreased morale and job satisfaction, increased absenteeism and turnover, and serious psychological and physical effects.
What contributes to the likelihood of sexual harassment?
A climate tolerant of harassment and male-dominated workplaces.
What is work–family conflict?
When work duties interfere with family life or vice versa.
What contributes to work–family conflict?
Dual-income households, single-parent families, eldercare, and insensitive management.
Do men or women experience more work–family conflict?
Research shows both are equally susceptible, though women may be more penalized.
Which occupations are more prone to work–family conflict?
Jobs requiring high teamwork or responsibility, like firefighters or family doctors.
What is job insecurity?
Stress caused by threats to continued employment, layoffs, and restructuring.
Why can job specialization be risky?
Specialized professionals may struggle to find related work during downturns.
What is role ambiguity?
When job goals or methods are unclear, causing stress especially in people with low tolerance for ambiguity.
What is techno-stress?
Stress from needing to use and master workplace technologies.
What is techno-overload?
Feeling overwhelmed by access, features, or information volume.
What is techno-invasion?
Feeling that work has intruded into non-work time or that monitoring is constant.
What is techno-uncertainty?
Rapid tech changes and unclear usage policies causing confusion.
What is techno-complexity?
New technologies introducing complications and hassles.
What is techno-insecurity?
Fear that others are better at using new tech or that tech may replace one’s job.
How does technology contribute to work–family conflict?
Through 24/7 work expectations and intrusion into personal time.
What are integrators and separators in terms of tech use?
Integrators blend tech with family life; separators build boundaries to limit work intrusion.
