06/20/2023 Notes

Question 1

what is genetic sex

Answer 1

sex of an individual based on their sex chromosomes (xx - male, xy - female)

Question 2

What is phenotypic sex?

Answer 2

Appearance of a person’s internal/external genetalia

Question 3

what is testes-determining factor (TDF)?

Answer 3

a gene located on the Y chromosome in males that when present, causes proteins to stimulate production of testosterone and androgens that initiate male phenotypic development

Question 4

What is the organism’s default sex?

Answer 4

Female

Question 5

What is the gubernaculum?

Answer 5

A band of connective tissue that attaches to the testes and pulls it from the abdomen and into the scrotum during development

Question 6

What is the round ligament?

Answer 6

remnants of the female gubernaculum that runs from the uterus and attach to the labia majora

Question 7

What is cryptochidism?

Answer 7

Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum at the time of birth (30% of premature infant males, 3% of fullterm infant males)

Question 8

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Answer 8

produce oocytes (eggs), secrete sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone), receive sperm, provide sites for fertilization, implantation of embryo, partuition, and nourishment through mammary glands

Question 9

What are the gonads in females

Answer 9

ovaries

Question 10

What do gonads produce?

Answer 10

large amounts of sex hormones that affect maturation, development, and changes in the activity of reproductive organs

Question 11

What do accessory sex organs do?

Answer 11

Include ducts that carry gametes away from gonads and to the site of fertilization

Question 12

What is sexual union known as?

Answer 12

Coitus, copulation, sexual intercourse

Question 13

What is menarche?

Answer 13

A female’s first menstrual bleeding

Question 14

What is puberty initiated by?

Answer 14

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

Question 15

What is ovulation?

Answer 15

Release of a mature oocyte

Question 16

What is menopause?

Answer 16

Termination of ovulation and a woman’s monthly cycle (menstrual cycle)

Question 17

What is the perineum?

Answer 17

A diamond-shaped area between the thighs divided into triangles bases

Question 18

What is found in the anterior triangle of the perineum?

Answer 18

Urogenital triangle (urethral and vaginal orifices in females; penis and scrotum in males)

Question 19

What is found in the psoterior triangle of the perineum?

Answer 19

Anal triangle contains the anus

Question 20

What are the 2 pouches formed by the peritoneum folding around pelvic organs in females?

Answer 20

Vesticourterine pouch and rectouterine pouch

Question 21

Where is the vesicouterine pouch found?

Answer 21

Between the uterus and urinary bladder

Question 22

What pouch is found between the uterus and rectum?

Answer 22

Rectouterine pouch (douglas’s cul-de-sac)

Question 23

What is culdocentesis?

Answer 23

A surgical entryway into the peritoneal cavity for females found in the rectouterine pouch

Question 24

What are the accessory sex organs in females

Answer 24

uterine tubes, uterus, vagia, clitoris, mammary glands

Question 25

What is the mesovarium?

Answer 25

A double fold of peritoneum that attaches to each vary ad secures it to a broad ligament (drape of peritoneum that hangs over the uterus)

Question 26

What anchors the ovary to the posterior side of the broad ligament?

Answer 26

Ovarian ligament found at the superior portion of the round ligament of the uterus

Question 27

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 27

A ligament that attaches the lateral edge of each ovary to the pelvic wall; contains ovarian blood vessels and nerves

Question 28

What are other names for the uterine tubes?

Answer 28

Fallopian tubes, oviducts, salpinges

Question 29

Where is an oocyte fertilized?

Answer 29

Within the fallopian tubes

Question 30

What is the infidibulum?

Answer 30

A funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the uterine tube near the ovary

Question 31

What are the fingerlike folds on the infundibulum called?

Answer 31

Fimbriae

Question 32

What are the 3 layes of the uterine tube?

Answer 32

Mucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 33

What is the uterus connected to?

Answer 33

Uterine tubes and vagina

Question 34

What are the functions of the uterus?

Answer 34

Site for implantation, support/protects/nourish the developing embryo/fetus by forming a vascular connection, ejects fetus, and sheds the inner layer during menstruation

Question 35

What are the 4 regions of the uterus?

Answer 35

Fundus, body, isthmus, cervix

Question 36

What is the cervical canal?

Answer 36

Narrow channel in the cervix that projects into the vagina

Question 37

What is the superior opening of the cervical canal within the isthmus called?

Answer 37

Interior os

Question 38

What do the mucin-secreting glands in the cervis create? What is the purpose of it?

Answer 38

a thick mucous plug at the external os that is suspected to be a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from invading the uterus from the vagina

Question 39

What 4 structures support the uterus?

Answer 39

Muscles of the pelvic floor, round ligaments, transverse cervical ligaments, and uterosacral ligaments

Question 40

What can weakness in the pelvic floor muscles cause in females?

Answer 40

Prolapse of the uterus(uterus protrudes through vagina)

Question 41

What are the walls of the uterus called?

Answer 41

Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium