06/20/2023 Notes Flashcards
what is genetic sex
sex of an individual based on their sex chromosomes (xx - male, xy - female)
What is phenotypic sex?
Appearance of a person’s internal/external genetalia
what is testes-determining factor (TDF)?
a gene located on the Y chromosome in males that when present, causes proteins to stimulate production of testosterone and androgens that initiate male phenotypic development
What is the organism’s default sex?
Female
What is the gubernaculum?
A band of connective tissue that attaches to the testes and pulls it from the abdomen and into the scrotum during development
What is the round ligament?
remnants of the female gubernaculum that runs from the uterus and attach to the labia majora
What is cryptochidism?
Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum at the time of birth (30% of premature infant males, 3% of fullterm infant males)
What are the functions of the female reproductive system?
produce oocytes (eggs), secrete sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone), receive sperm, provide sites for fertilization, implantation of embryo, partuition, and nourishment through mammary glands
What are the gonads in females
ovaries
What do gonads produce?
large amounts of sex hormones that affect maturation, development, and changes in the activity of reproductive organs
What do accessory sex organs do?
Include ducts that carry gametes away from gonads and to the site of fertilization
What is sexual union known as?
Coitus, copulation, sexual intercourse
What is menarche?
A female’s first menstrual bleeding
What is puberty initiated by?
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
What is ovulation?
Release of a mature oocyte
What is menopause?
Termination of ovulation and a woman’s monthly cycle (menstrual cycle)
What is the perineum?
A diamond-shaped area between the thighs divided into triangles bases
What is found in the anterior triangle of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle (urethral and vaginal orifices in females; penis and scrotum in males)
What is found in the psoterior triangle of the perineum?
Anal triangle contains the anus
What are the 2 pouches formed by the peritoneum folding around pelvic organs in females?
Vesticourterine pouch and rectouterine pouch
Where is the vesicouterine pouch found?
Between the uterus and urinary bladder
What pouch is found between the uterus and rectum?
Rectouterine pouch (douglas’s cul-de-sac)
What is culdocentesis?
A surgical entryway into the peritoneal cavity for females found in the rectouterine pouch
What are the accessory sex organs in females
uterine tubes, uterus, vagia, clitoris, mammary glands
What is the mesovarium?
A double fold of peritoneum that attaches to each vary ad secures it to a broad ligament (drape of peritoneum that hangs over the uterus)
What anchors the ovary to the posterior side of the broad ligament?
Ovarian ligament found at the superior portion of the round ligament of the uterus
What is the suspensory ligament?
A ligament that attaches the lateral edge of each ovary to the pelvic wall; contains ovarian blood vessels and nerves
What are other names for the uterine tubes?
Fallopian tubes, oviducts, salpinges
Where is an oocyte fertilized?
Within the fallopian tubes
What is the infidibulum?
A funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the uterine tube near the ovary
What are the fingerlike folds on the infundibulum called?
Fimbriae
What are the 3 layes of the uterine tube?
Mucosa, muscularis, serosa
What is the uterus connected to?
Uterine tubes and vagina
What are the functions of the uterus?
Site for implantation, support/protects/nourish the developing embryo/fetus by forming a vascular connection, ejects fetus, and sheds the inner layer during menstruation
What are the 4 regions of the uterus?
Fundus, body, isthmus, cervix
What is the cervical canal?
Narrow channel in the cervix that projects into the vagina
What is the superior opening of the cervical canal within the isthmus called?
Interior os
What do the mucin-secreting glands in the cervis create? What is the purpose of it?
a thick mucous plug at the external os that is suspected to be a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from invading the uterus from the vagina
What 4 structures support the uterus?
Muscles of the pelvic floor, round ligaments, transverse cervical ligaments, and uterosacral ligaments
What can weakness in the pelvic floor muscles cause in females?
Prolapse of the uterus(uterus protrudes through vagina)
What are the walls of the uterus called?
Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
