05/25/2023 Notes Flashcards
What is the anterolateral muscle that moves the head and neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
What forms the lateral border of the suprasternal fossa?
Sternocleidomastoid
What two muscles are part of the posterior neck muscles that move the head and neck?
Splenius Capitus and Semisplenius Capitus
Muscles of the vertebral column are superficial to what group of muscles?
Superficial back muscles
The spelius capitus and semispelius capitus extend the _____ portion of the vertebral column
Cervical
The vertebral column muscles are _____ than flexor muscles of the abdominal wall
Stronger
What do the erector spinae muscles do?
Maintain posture, stand erect, and are found across the entire vertebral column
When both sides of the erector spinae muscles contract, how does the spine move?
The spine extends
When only one side of erector spinae muscles contract, how does the spine move?
The spine flexes laterally to the same side the muscles contracted
What muscle is deep to erector spinae muscles?
Transversospinalis
What does the process of respiration involve?
Inhalation and Exhalation
When inhaling, several muscles _____ to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity and forms _____ pressure (_____ vacuum)
Contract; negative; partial
When exhaling, what happens to the respiratory muscles?
They relax and allow the elastic recoil of lung tissue to pull the chest wall inwards
Muscles of respiration are located _____ to the superficial muscles of the thoracic wall
Deep
What are the three principal muscles of respiration
External intercostals, internal intercostals, and diaphragm
What muscles are used for restful breathing?
External intercostals
What muscles are used for forceful exhalation?
Internal intercostals
What are the functions of the anterolateral wall muscles?
Hold the abdominal organs in place, assist in defection, and aid in forceful exhalation
What forms the rectus sheath?
External oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis
What is the rectus sheath?
An aponeurotic sheath that covers the rectus abdominis
What is the linea semilunaris?
The cutaneous depression lateral to the abdominis rectus
What do the tendinous intersections do?
Partitions the rectus abdominis horizontally
What do the linea alba do?
Partitions the rectus abdomins into left and right sections
What are the four abdominal wall muscles?
External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis
What abdominal wall muscle forms the inguinal ligament?
External oblique
What is the pelvic diaphragm?
A composition of three muscles and associated fasciae that extends from the ischium and pubis ossa coxae to the pelvic outlet and forms the pelvic floor and support the pelvic viscera
What 4 bony landmarks are associated with the perineum?
Anterior pubic symphysis, posterior coccyx, and both lateral ischial tuberosities
What is found in the anterior urogenital triangle?
External genitalia and urethra
What is found in the posterior anal triangle?
Anus
What does the Levator Ani do?
Support pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter at the anorectal juntion, urethra, and vagina
Who made the pubococcygeus muscle famous?
Dr. Arnold Kegel
What exercises are used to strengthen the pubococcygeus to help control urinary incontnence and compresses the vagina to aid in coitus?
Kegel Exercises
What do appendicular muscles do?
Control the movement of upper and lower limbs, and help stabilize and control the movements of the pectoral and pelvic girdle
