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Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy > 06/09/2023 Notes > Flashcards

06/09/2023 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter once it leaves the left ventricle?

A

Ascending aorta

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2
Q

What blood vessels supply blood to the heart muscle?

A

Left and right coronary arteries

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3
Q

What does the ascending aorta become once it curves towards the left side of the body?

A

Aortic arch

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4
Q

What 3 arterial branches leave the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

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5
Q

What two blood vessels branch off the brachiocephalic trunk, and what do they supply blood to?

A

Right common carotid artery supplies blood to the right side of the head and neck, and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right upper limbs and some thoracic structures

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6
Q

What supplies arterial blood to the left side of the head and neck?

A

Left common carotid artery

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7
Q

What does the left subclavian artery supply blood to?

A

Left upper limbs and some thoracic structures

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8
Q

What can damage the aortic arch or descending thoracic aorta?

A

Sudden decelerations

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9
Q

Aortic transections are typically _____.

A

Fatal (DRT)

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10
Q

Aortic dissections are _____% fatal and very _____.

A

90%; very painful

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11
Q

What blood vessels supply blood to the head and neck?

A

Left and right carotid arteries

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12
Q

At the base of thyroid cartilage, the carotid arteries divide into what two arteries?

A

External and internal carotid arteries

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13
Q

External carotid artery supplies blood to structures _____ the skull

A

External

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14
Q

What blood vessel supplies arterial blood to the internal structures of the skull?

A

Internal carotid artery

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15
Q

Near the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries, what can be found there and what is the function of it?

A

Baroreceptors which monitor blood pressure, and when they are stimulated, the heart rate slows down, vasodilation occurs, and blood pressure drops

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16
Q

What blood vein is a branch of the external carotid artery and pulsates vigorously when a person has a headache?

A

Anterior temporal artery

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17
Q

When does the internal carotid artery begin to branch off?

A

Once it enters the skull through the carotid canal

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18
Q

Talk about vertebral arteries and the path they take and how they merge to the basilic artery

A

Emerge from subclavian arteries and travel through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum and merge into basilic artery

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19
Q

What is the Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle)?

A

An important anastomosis of arteries that surround the sella turcica that recieves blood flow from vertebral and carotid arteries that equalizes blood pressure in the brain and provide collateral channels for blood flow if a vessel becomes blocked

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20
Q

When the aortic arch curves and starts to project inferiorly, what does it become?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

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21
Q

What are bronchial arteries?

A

Arteries that supply blood to the connective tissue of the walls of the lungs that are part of the systemic circulation

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22
Q

Alveoli and alveolar capillaries in the lungs are part of which circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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23
Q

What supplies blood to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal arteries

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24
Q

What is the left gastric artery?

A

Blood vessel that supplies arterial blood to the abdominal portion of the esophagus

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25
Q

What blood vessels supply blood to the diaphragm?

A

Superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, and inferior phrenic arteries

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26
Q

Where do superior phrenic arteries branch off of?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

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27
Q

Where do musculophrenic arteries branch off of?

A

Subclavian arteries

28
Q

Where do inferior phrenic arteries branch off of?

A

Descending abdominal aorta

29
Q

Once the descending thoracic aorta passes inferior to the diaphragm, what does it become?

A

Descending abdominal aorta

30
Q

What 3, unpaired arteries emerge from the descending abdominal aorta to supply blood to the GI tract?

A

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

What is the largest autonomic nerve plexus that surrounds the celiac trunk?

A

Celiac plexus (solar plexus)

32
Q

What are the three branches of blood vessels that come from the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

33
Q

What supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach and extends some branches to the esophagus?

A

Left gastric artery

34
Q

What structures does the splenic artery supply blood to?

A

Spleen, pancreas, and part of the stomach

35
Q

What supplies blood to the liver, duodenum, pancreas, and part of the stomach?

A

Common hepatic artery

36
Q

What does to superior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

A

Most of small intestines, pancreas, and proximal portions of the large intestines

37
Q

What supplies blood to part of the transverse colon, part of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

38
Q

What are 3 paired arteries that branch off the descending abdominal aorta, and what do they supply blood to?

A

Middle suprarenal arteries supply blood to adrenal glands, renal arteries supply blood to kidneys, and gonadal arteries supply blood to each gonad

39
Q

At the L4 vertebrae, the descending aorta bifurcates into what two arteries?

A

Left and right common iliac arteries

40
Q

What do the common iliac arteries divide into?

A

internal and external iliac arteries

41
Q

What supplies blood to pelvic and perineal structures?

A

Internal iliac artery

42
Q

What does the external iliac artery supply blood to?

A

Lower limbs

43
Q

How is blood flow similar in the upper and lower limbs?

A

Supplied by a main arterial vessel, bifurcates at elbow/knee, arterial/venous arches are found in the hand/foot, and both have a superficial and deep network of veins

44
Q

What supplies blood to each upper limbs?

A

Subclavian arteries

45
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery emerge from? Where does the right subclavian artery emerge from?

A

Left subclavian artery comes from the aortic arch while the right subclavian artery comes from the brachiocephalic trunk

46
Q

The subclavian artery supplies blood to what structures?

A

Brain, neck, shoulder, thoracic wall, and some thoracic organs

47
Q

Once the subclavian artery passes the lateral border of the first rib, what does it become?

A

Axillary artery

48
Q

Where does the axillary artery supply blood to?

A

Shoulder and thoracic regions

49
Q

What does the axillary artery becomes once it passes the inferior border of teres major?

A

Brachial artery

50
Q

What artery in the upper limb is used to monitor blood pressure?

A

Brachial artery

51
Q

What does the brachial nerve bifurcate into at the cubital fossa?

A

Ulnar and radial arteries

52
Q

What artery is found on the medial side of the forearm?

A

Ulnar artery

53
Q

What artery is found on the lateral side of the forearm?

A

Radial artery

54
Q

Which artery in the upper limb is used to collect arterial blood for blood gas analysis?

A

Radial artery

55
Q

Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

56
Q

The radial artery forms which arch in the palm?

A

Deep palmar artery

57
Q

What is the main artery that supplies blood to lower limbs and is a branch of the common iliac artery?

A

External iliac artery

58
Q

When the external iliac artery passes inferior to the inguinal ligament, what does it become?

A

Femoral artery

59
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

A section found on the upper medial portion of the thigh where the femoral artery passes through, and can be used as an arterial pressure point to reduce blood flow if needed; is another site to receive blood samples to test blood gas

60
Q

Once the femoral artery passes the popliteal fossa, what does it become?

A

Popliteal artery

61
Q

What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

62
Q

What blood vessel branches off the posterior tibial artery and supplies blood to the lateral part of the leg?

A

Fibular artery

63
Q

When the posterior tibial artery continues through the planar side of the foot, what does it bifurcate into?

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

64
Q

When the anterior tibial artery crosses the anterior side of the ankle, what does it become?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal pedal artery)

65
Q

Why is the dorsalis pedis artery important?

A

Palpations provide information about blood circulation in the foot, and it also provides general information of the health of circulatory system since it is the most distal portion of the circulatory system

66
Q

The lateral planar artery and dorsalis pedis artery unit to form what?

A

Planar arch

67
Q

What arteries extend from the planar arch and supplies blood to the toes?

A

Digital arteries

Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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