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Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy > 05/09/2023 Notes > Flashcards

05/09/2023 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does anterior (ventral) mean?

A

In front of; front

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2
Q

What does posterior (dorsal) mean?

A

In back of; behind

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3
Q

What does superior (cranial; rostral) mean?

A

Above; towards the top

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4
Q

What does inferior (caudal) mean?

A

Below; towards the bottom

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5
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards the midline of the body

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6
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Away from the midline of the body

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7
Q

What does internal mean?

A

Deep; away from the surface

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8
Q

What does external mean?

A

Superficial; towards the surface

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9
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Closest to point of attachment to trunk or midline or closest to any point of reference that is given

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10
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk or midline or furthest from any point of reference that is given

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11
Q

What composes the axial region?

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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12
Q

What composes the appendicular region?

A

Upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)

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13
Q

The head is made up of which two regions?

A

Cranial region and Facial region

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14
Q

The cranial region protects and supports what organ?

A

Brain

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15
Q

What is included in the facial region?

A

Eyes, nose, and mouth

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the cervical region?

A

Supports the head

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17
Q

What regions compose the trunk (torso)?

A

Thoracic region (chest/thoracic), Abdominal region, Pelvic region

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18
Q

What four regions are found in the thoracic region?

A

Mammary regions (breasts), Sternal region (sternum), Axillary region (armpits), and Vertebral region (spine)

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19
Q

What is the navel also referred to as?

A

Umbilicus

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20
Q

What does Cullen’s Sign demonstrate?

A

Intra-abdominal bleeding (peritoneal or retroperitoneal bleeding)

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21
Q

What four areas are found in the pelvic region?

A

Perineum, Lumbar region, Sacral region, Gluteal region

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22
Q

What is the midline of the gluteal region called?

A

Natal cleft

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23
Q

What are two common areas for intramuscular (IM) injections?

A

Gluteal region and Deltoid region

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24
Q

What are the four regions of the arm?

A

Deltoid region (shoulder), Brachium region (upper arm), Antebrachium region (forearm), Manus (hand)

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25
Q

Where is the elbow located?

A

Between the antebrachium and brachium

26
Q

What is the small depression located on the front of the elbow?

A

Anterior Cubital Fossa (antecubital fossa)

27
Q

The antecubital fossa is a good region to do what?

A

Remove venous blood or inject medications

28
Q

What region is located posterior to the anterior cubital fossa?

A

Olecranal Region

29
Q

What is located between the antebrachium and manus?

A

Wrist

30
Q

What are the five areas of the leg?

A

Coxal region (hip), Femoral region (thigh; upper leg), Knee, Crural region (lower leg), Foot

31
Q

Which two regions compose the knee?

A

Patellar region (front of knee; patella) and Popliteal region (back of knee; small depression)

32
Q

What is the prominent, bony ridge on the front of the crural region?

A

Shin

33
Q

What is the calf?

A

A muscular mass on the back of the crural region

34
Q

Where is the ankle located?

A

Between the crural region and foot

35
Q

Where are plantar warts found?

A

On the plantar surface of the foot

36
Q

What region does Achondroplastic Dwarfism affect?

A

The appendicular regions

37
Q

How does the Ilizarov Technique lengthen a bone?

A

Surgically breaking a bone and attaching a machine to extend the bone by promoting osteoblast growth

38
Q

What does the posterior body cavity contain?

A

Brain and spinal cord

39
Q

What two cavities are found within the posterior body cavity?

A

Cranial cavity and Vertebral cavity

40
Q

What two cavities are found within the ventral body cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity

41
Q

What cavity is the mediastinum found? What does it contain?

A

Thoracic cavity; heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several major blood vessels

42
Q

What body structure separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Diaphragm

43
Q

What structure lines the surface of both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Serous membranes

44
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

A double-layered membrane composed of a parietal layer and visceral layer separated by a serous cavity with lubricating serous fluid

45
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A serous membrane with an additional fibrous layer that surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity. It has both the pericardial sac and epicardium. It also contains a pericardial cavity that contains serous fluids.

46
Q

What are pleura?

A

A serous membrane that lines the left and right sides of the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs.

47
Q

What composes the pericardial sac?

A

The outer fibrous layer and parietal pericardium

48
Q

What composes the epicardium?

A

The visceral pericardium

49
Q

What does the parietal pleura attach to?

A

Chest wall and superior surface of diaphragm

50
Q

What covers the external surface of the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

51
Q

What is the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity called?

A

Peritoneum

52
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

53
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

Ensheath the surface of the majority of digestive organs

54
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum that contains serous fluids

55
Q

Where are the three potential spaces found?

A

Peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, and pericardial cavity

56
Q

Which organs are not surrounded by the peritoneal cavity?

A

Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, bladder

57
Q

What technique is used to detect trauma in abdominal organs?

A

Peritoneal Lavage

58
Q

What cavities do mucous membranes line?

A

Respiratory tract, Digestive tract, Urinary tract, and Reproductive tract

59
Q

How are mucous membranes different from serous membranes?

A

Mucous membranes open up to the outside of the body

60
Q

What are some other cavities in the head?

A

Buccal cavity (oral cavity), Nasal cavity, Orbital cavities, and Middle ear cavities

Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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