05/08/2023 Notes Flashcards
What did Egyptians contribute to anatomy?
Gained an understanding of the body through mummification.
What did Hippocrates contribute to anatomy?
“Father of Medicine”; created a new approach to medicine through observations and studies of the body.
What is the Hippocratic Oath?
A code of ethics created by Hippocrates still used in modern medicines that physicians swear by.
What did Galen contribute to anatomy?
“Prince of Physicians”; taught that body structure (anatomy) and body function (structure) go together.
What did Leonardo da Vinci contribute to anatomy?
Studied the human body to create anatomically accurate artwork.
What did Andreas Vesalius contribute to anatomy?
Taught that the body should be studied as a whole, with each body part fitting together as a system.
What did William Harvey contribute to anatomy?
Wrote a book on blood circulation.
What did John Hunter contribute to anatomy?
Collected various anatomical specimens and put them into his museum.
What did Gunter von Hagens contribute to anatomy?
Invented plastination, a method that preserves specimens using reactive polymers; “Body Worlds” displays of plastinated specimens.
What is anatomy?
Study of the body’s structures.
What is physiology?
Study of the function of the body’s structures.
What is microscopic anatomy?
Study of structures that are too small to see with normal vision (histology, cytology).
What is gross anatomy?
Investigation of large body parts visible to the naked eye.
What is systemic anatomy (systemic approach)?
Studies the functional relationship of organs within a specific organ system.
What is regional anatomy (regional approach)?
Study of all the structures in a specific region of the body.
What is surface anatomy (surface approach)?
Study of landmarks on the outside of the body that are created by underlying structures and their medical importance.
What is the structural organization of the body?
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
What is the most basic functional unit in most organisms?
Cells
If our _____ is/are not happy, we are not happy.
Cells
Situs Invertus
A condition that essentially flips the organs of a person to the opposite side they would normally be on.
Groups of similar cells combine to form what?
Tissues
Two or more tissue types combine to form what?
Organs
What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
Are bones considered organs?
Yes, bones have multiple tissue types.
What are humans capable of due to their complex level of organization? (6)
Metabolism, growth, development, homeostasis, reproduction, and responsiveness to internal/external environent
What bones make up the sternum?
Manubrium, Gladiolus, Xiphoid Process
What is the anatomic position?
A person stands upright with their feet parallel and flat on the floor, their head is level with eyes looking forward, and their arms are on their sides with the palms facing forward.
What is the difference between planes and sections?
Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body while sections are actual cuts that expose various areas of the body.
Coronal (frontal) Plane
Divides the body lengthwise into front and back portions
Transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal) Plane
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
Midsagittal (median) Plane
Divides the body equally into left and right halves
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right halves on either side of the Midsagittal Plane
What does “Manubrium” stand for?
Latin for “handle”
What does “Gladiolus” stand for?
Latin for “gladiator’s sword”
What does “Xiphoid Process” stand for?
Greek for “sword-shaped”
