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Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy > 06/02/2023 Notes > Flashcards

06/02/2023 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

Nerves that are part of the peripheral nervous system that originate on the inferior surface of the brain

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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3
Q

What is CN I? Describe what information it sends and its function.

A

Olfactory Nerve relays sensory information and is responsible for sense of smell

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4
Q

Where are dendrites of olfactory neurons found?

A

Within the mucosa that covers the superior nasal conchae and adjacent nasal septum

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5
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

The optic nerve is a sensory nerve that relays information from photoreceptors in the retina to the visual cortex within the occipital lobes

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6
Q

What is the optic chiasm?

A

Converging of optic nerves within the optic foramen that cross nerves on the medial half to the opposite brain

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7
Q

What is bitemporal hemaniopia?

A

Blindness in the temporal field of vision in both eyes due to the growth of a pituitary tumor that puts pressure on the optic chiasma

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8
Q

What is fundoscopic examination used for when looking within the fundus of the eye?

A

Papilledema caused by increased intracranial pressure

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9
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor nerve is a motor nerve that controls the intrinsic and extrinsic movement of the eye

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10
Q

What does CNIII innervate?

A

Many extrinsic muscles of the eye and the intrinsic muscles of the eye that constrict the pupil and muscles that change the shape of the eye to allow focusing

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11
Q

Pressure or damage to the oculomotor nerve can cause what?

A

Palsy on the ipsilateral side of the head

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12
Q

What specific trauma/pressure can cause palsy on CNIII?

A

Rostrocaudal brain deterioration, tumors, or cerebral edema

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13
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve is a small motor nerve that innervates that muscle of the eye that controls downward and lateral movement of the eye

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14
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve is a large mixed nerve that has both sensory and motor functions

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15
Q

What are the sensory functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Involved with sensations of touch, temperature, and pain

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16
Q

What are the three branches of CN V?

A

Ophthalmic Nerve, Maxillary Nerve, and Mandibular Nerve

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17
Q

What is the photic sneeze reflex?

A

An inherited condition that causes an individual to sneeze repetitively when exposed to bright lights

18
Q

Where can dental anesthesia be applied to dead nerves in the lower and upper jaw?

A

Mandibular foramen in the lower jaw and foramen rotundum in the upper jaw

19
Q

What are the motor functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Innervates muscles involved with chewing (masseter, temporalis, and medial/lateraly pterygoids)

20
Q

What is cranial nerve 6?

A

The abducens nerve is a small motor nerve that controls the extrinsic movement of the eye laterally

21
Q

What is CN VII?

A

The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that controls significant quality of life

22
Q

What are the motor functions of the facial nerve?

A

Innervates muscles of facial expression (epicranius, buccinators, orbicularis oris, platysma) and stimulates several salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular glands)

23
Q

What are the sensory functions of CN VII?

A

Receives impulses of taste from the ANTERIOR portion of the tongue

24
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve is a sensory nerve that is composed of both the vestibular and cochlear nerves

25
Q

What does the vestibular branch of CN VIII do?

A

Responsible for equilibrium and balance, and sends information to several regions of the brain

26
Q

What does the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A

Responsible for hearing and sends information to the cerebral cortex

27
Q

What is CN IX?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve that innervates the posterior part of the tongue and a muscle in the throat

28
Q

What is the motor function of CN IX?

A

Stimulates the swallowing reflex and secretion of saliva by the parotid gland

29
Q

What are the sensory functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Originate from chemoreceptors on the back portion of the tongue and sensors in the carotid sinus then enters the cranium to reach the pons and taste areas of insula

30
Q

What is CN X?

A

Valgus Nerve is a mixed nerve that originates in the medulla oblongata and innervates several visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

31
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

CN X (valgus nerve)

32
Q

What are the motor functions of CN X?

A

Innervates most pharynx muscles and the voice box (larynx)

33
Q

Damage to the valgus nerve can result in what?

A

Difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, monotone, or mutism

34
Q

What are sensory functions of CN X?

A

Receives input from external auditory canal and eardrum, pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, esophagus, and abdominal organs except for the lower portions of large intestines

35
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve is a motor nerve that arises from the medulla and spinal cord

36
Q

What are the two components of the accessory nerve and their functions?

A

Cranial root component innervates pharynx muscles that contract while swallowing, and the spinal root innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoids

37
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue and some nearby muscles that aid in tongue movement

38
Q

Damage to the hypoglossal nerve results in what?

A

Impaired swallowing and difficulty with speech

39
Q

What are the names of the 12 cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Valgus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

40
Q

What two cranial nerves are involved with taste?

A

Facial Nerve (CN XII) and Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

41
Q

What is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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