WIP Chapter 11: Reproductive System Biology and Review Flashcards

Question

-stomy

Answer 1

mouthlike opening

Answer 2

located within the scrotum oval-shaped structures composed of an outer capsule, made of thick, white connective tissue, and an inner part divided into 200 to 300 lobules which contain the seminiferous tubules

Answer 3

creation of sperm cells occurs in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

male reproductive cells, which carry half of the genetic material needed to form a new human being. sensitive to heat and must live within an environment that is slightly below normal body temperature

Answer 5

composed of two internal compartments surrounded by loose connective tissue and a smooth muscle layer Composed of two internal compartments and structures designed to maintain an optimal temperature for spermatogenesis

Answer 6

muscle group that extends from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Answer 7

Spermatocytes will exit the testes through these ducts that join with the urethra

Answer 8

distal rounded end of the penis

Answer 9

fold of skin that covers the glans penis

Answer 10

dual purpose, exit passageway for both urine and semen; however both do not exit at the same time

Answer 11

contracts to keep semen from entering the bladder and keep urine from exiting the bladder

Answer 12

mucous secretions from here and the inner urethral wall lubricate the urethra and neutralize its normally acidic environment

Answer 13

Secretes fructose, prostaglandin, and other nutrients for sperm cells

Answer 14

secreted from seminal vesicles, stimulates smooth muscle contractions in the female reproductive tract, which is thought to help move sperm through that environment

Answer 15

secretes prostatic fluid that flows through several ducts to the urethra and helps to create a more alkaline environment, which is important to sperm motility

Answer 16

chemicals secreted into the bloodstream that cause bodily reactions

Answer 17

oval-shaped structures located on each side of the uterus in the lower abdominal cavity, attached to the broad ligament The oval-shaped structures on each side of the uterus that are the primary sex organs in females

Answer 18

immature ova, or eggs

Answer 19

produced approximately every 28 days, contains one-half of the necessary components of a new life

Answer 20

acts to develop the female reproductive organs during puberty, produces secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts and pubic hair, and prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg

Answer 21

responsible for the changes in the endometrium (uterine lining) in preparation for implantation of a developing embryo

Answer 22

extend approximately 4 inches from the sides of the uterus toward the ovaries, do not connect to the ovaries directly, though they are attached to the broad ligament for stability fimbriae at the end of each fallopian tube, move in wavelike fashion to help direct the ovum into the tube through which it travels on its way to the uterus

Answer 23

thick-walled muscular organ located behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum during pregnancy, the cervix and uterus house and protect the developing fetus. the muscular tissue of the uterus can expand during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus fundus - rounded upper portion corpus - body of the uterus cervix - narrowed section that opens into the vagina

Answer 24

The narrowed section of the uterus that dilates during the birth process to allow delivery of the fetus

Answer 25

connects the cervix with the external surface, acts as the passageway for the penis during sexual intercourse and as the birth canal during the birth process

Answer 26

external structures of the female reproductive system that includes the clitoris, urethral meatus, labia, mons pubis, and Bartholin's glands

Answer 27

made up of elongated erectile tissue, is located beneath the anterior portion of the labia

Answer 28

consists of two layers, covering and protecting the clitoris, urethral meatus, and vaginal opening.

Answer 29

region of pigmented tissue in the center surface of each breast

Answer 30

at the center of the areola

Answer 31

mammary glands producing breast milk in response to the later part of pregnancy and after giving birth

Answer 32

onset of menstruation varies widely in adolescent females, with the average age of onset being 13 years

Answer 33

also called menstrual cycle or menses, occurs approximately every 28 days, but this timing varies the uterus sheds the layer of endometrial tissue that develops each month in preparation for pregnancy phases of the 28 day cycle include - follicular - luteal - menstrual

Answer 34

The first phase of the menstrual cycle in which a woman is ovulating *** the hypothalamus of the brain secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones act on the graafian follicles within the ovaries to secrete estrogen, which stimulates the growth and thickening of the endometrium. Between day 9 and day 14, the ripened graafian follicle ruptures out of the ovarian wall and begins to secrete the hormone progesterone.

Answer 35

The second phase of the menstrual cycle in which the ovum is propelled toward the fallopian tube and conception may occur the ovum (egg cell) is propelled toward the fallopian tube by the wavelike action of the fimbriae. During this phase, progesterone produced by the corpus luteum, the remainder of the follicle after a woman ovulates, continues to cause extensive growth of the functional layer of the endometrium.

Answer 36

the remainder of the follicle after a woman ovulates

Answer 37

fertilization of the ovum

Answer 38

If no conception occurs, the corpus luteum does not secrete HCG but instead atrophies into a mass of fibrous tissue called the corpus albicans

Answer 39

In this phase, the uterus sheds the unneeded endometrial lining. The menstrual phase lasts between 5 and 7 days, after which the follicular phase begins again

Answer 40

when one sperm penetrates an egg and forms a zygote

Answer 41

Contains 23 chromosomes from the ovum and 23 chromosomes from the sperm and will develop into an embryo and then a fetus

Answer 42

the organ of nutrition for the growing zygote Organ of nutrition that begins forming early after conception and connects to the developing fetus through the umbilical cord

Answer 43

contains two arteries and one vein; the arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, while the vein removes carbon dioxide and wastes.

Answer 44

pregnancy broken into three equal time periods The first trimester lasts 12 weeks The second trimester begins around week 13.

Answer 45

The zygote becomes this as all the tissues and organs develop during the first nine weeks

Answer 46

At 9 weeks, the embryo is called a fetus.

Answer 47

sometimes called false labor The uterus begins to gently contract at irregular intervals

Answer 48

expansion or opening The degree of cervical dilation is measured in centimeters, from 1 to 10 centimeters. At 10 centimeters, the cervix is large enough to accommodate delivery.

Answer 49

the top of the infant’s head appears at the cervical opening

Answer 50

the normal cessation of menses. Menopause occurs naturally in most women approximately 40 years after menarche. Menses may stop suddenly, or the flow and frequency of menses may decrease gradually.