Classroom Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Greek and Roman PT History

A

therapeutic touch and massage

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2
Q

True False: is exercise equipment separate from modalities?

A

True!

weights - dumbbells barbells
bicycles
treadmills
isokinetic equipment ?
stair machines
total gym
theraband, theraputty, theratubing - resistance bands

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3
Q

Mechanical Modalities

A

massage
traction
compression
hydrotherapy
ultrasound

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4
Q

Electromagnetic Modalities

A

TENS
Iontophoresis
diathermy
UV
Laser
E-stim

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5
Q

Massage

A

manually move fluid tissues through the body and body systems
- increase blood flow
- decrease edema
- increase relaxation and flexibility
- Delicious unless in pain

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6
Q

Traction

A

plug it in, put straps

Joint spaces
decreases pressure

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7
Q

Compression

A

compression socks, ace wraps, air braces, tedhose (compression socks)

counteract pressure
reduce edema
residual limb reshaping so that it can receive a prosthesis
prevent deep vein thrombosis and scarring

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8
Q

Whirlpool

A

hydrotherapy

good for both kinds of arthritis
decreases edema
used for a lot of patients with paralysis
hydrostatic pressure - compresses nerves in nervous system, tells brain where your body is in space almost immediately
walk on toes
elevates circulation
cardiovascular response, bloodflow higher into chest. careful with patients with cardiac disease
saltwater thicker than non salt water
clean wounds

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9
Q

ultrasound

A

soundwaves penetrate tissue

increase circulation
increase metabolic rate
brings attention to all the cells moving in your body, get rid of waste materials, help cuts

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10
Q

Iontophoresis

A

electric current takes medication through the skin without the need for needles

pain relief, anti-inflammatory
sharp sensation that hurts a bit

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11
Q

Diathermy

A

microwave therapy, wound healing

shortwave or microwave current
thermal or nonthermal
if patient feels like its burning - listen to patient, something is wrong

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12
Q

Ultraviolet

A

treats skin disorders like acne, psoriasis, and wound healing
treats jaundice

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13
Q

Lasers

A

red light therapy
healing
works on a cellular level, deep not superficial

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14
Q

E-stim

A

electrical stimulation
- used to facilitate a muscle pump
- facilitate muscle contraction for patient who has nerve damage, use alongside biofeedback
- milk out excess fluid from muscle tissue, especially after exercise
-

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15
Q

TENS

A

Transcutaneous Nerve Stim

high frequency but below motor contraction
bugs running under skin
brain picks up on dominant sensation and helps focus on stimulation rather than pain
can move through exercise where the pain might be otherwise debilitating
use for 15-20
use in clinic setting under supervision so excess damage doesn’t happen

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16
Q

Can DPT’s inject medication?

A

No
DPTs dry needling only, but against law for PTAs to do dry needling

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17
Q

Hippocrates

A

460bc to 370bc; one of first to prescribe ????

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18
Q

Galen

A

120-200 ad: used massage and other modalities on Gladiators

Tip: Galen = Gladiators

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19
Q

Pehr Henrik Ling/Leng

A

father of physical therapy; swedish gymnastics and massage

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20
Q

Dudley Allen Sargent

A

1849; founded early schools

TIP
Sargent = schools

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21
Q

John Harvey Kellog

A

1852-1943 - hydrotherapy, comprehensive health and wellness

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22
Q

Andrew Taylor Still

A

osteopathic medicine

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23
Q

Daniel Davic Palmer

A

chiropractic

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24
Q

Willamena Wright

A

1907; worked with Dr. Lovett (orthopedic surgeon)
asked to join gym to treat ppl
did testing on muscle strength
built solid foundation for what we do today

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25
Marguerite Sanderson
Reconstruction aide
26
Mary McMillan
1880-1959; recon aide wwi; born in us grew up in england. Forerunner for physical therapy. program director, first president 6 month program
27
Emma Vogel
PT education programs walter reed hospital legitimized field
28
Hazel Furscott
private practice san francisco
29
Margarett Knott
Influential leader
30
Catherine Worthingham
Profession changed dramatically, from technical profession to true profession Tip Worthinghame made profession worthy
31
Lucy Blair
Navy physical therapist in WW2, polio consultant who selected the pt's who went out on polio assignments across the whole country
32
Mildred Elson
president of first international organization, PT associated with money and dues Mildred = Money ? mIldred = International asdfs idk
33
Sprain
stretch injury - rolling an ankle TIP sPrain= Pull = stretch
34
Strain
tear injury sTrain = Tear
35
Steps for Stance Phase in Gait
Stance Phase (60%): Target foot stays in contact with the floor Traditional Terminology (RLA Terminology) 1. Heel strike (Initial Contact) 2. Foot Flat (Loading Response) 3. Midstance (Midstance) 4. Heel off (Terminal Stance) 5. Toe off (Preswing)
36
Steps for Swing Phase in Gait
Swing Phase (40%): foot is swinging Traditional Terminology (RLA Terminology) 1. Acceleration (Initial Swing) 2. Midswing (midswing) 3. Deceleration (Terminal Swing)
37
First Step in Stance Phase
Traditional: Heel Strike RLA: Initial Contact Double Support (10%) both feet on floor, target foot heel on floor, opposite foot toes on floor Uses: Gluteus Maximus, posterior capsule, tibialis anterior
38
Second Step in Stance Phase
Traditional: Foot flat RLA: Loading Response Single Support (part of 40%) Foot flat on target leg, opposite leg lifting up Quadriceps femoris
39
Third Step in Stance Phase
Traditional: Midstance RLA: Midstance Single Support (part of 40%) target leg straight foot on floor, other foot in middle of swinging forward Triceps Surae
40
Fourth Step in Stance Phase
Traditional: Heel off RLA: Terminal Stance Single Support (part of 40%) Heel lifts up on target leg, other leg swung forward Triceps Surae
41
Fifth Step in Stance Phase
Traditional: Toe Off RLA: Preswing Double Support (10%) target foot toes on floor, opposite foot heel on floor Deep plantar flexors, toe flexors, intrinsic foot muscles, rectus femoris
42
First Step of Swing Phase
Traditional: Acceleration RLA: Initial Swing Single Support (second 40%) target foot lifting up, opposite foot flat contralateral abductors of hip, iliopsoas and rectus femoris
43
Second Step of Swing Phase
Traditional: Midwing RLA: Midswing Single Support (second 40%) Target foot swinging forward, opposite foot still mostly flat ? contralateral abductors of hip, iliopsoas and rectus femoris
44
Third Step of Swing Phase
Traditional: Deceleration RLA: Terminal Swing Single Support (40%) Target foot swung forward, about to heel strike, opposite foot on toes Hamstrings, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior
45
True/False: Did Medicare and Medicaid affect field of PT?
important event that changed field
46
Definition: Scope
What you can practice, level of things you can do, what you can do in this setting
47
Education: Physical Therapist
Graduate APTA federal program Terminal degree is a doctorate (used to be masters)
48
Physical Therapist Role
Responsible for all PT patient treatment makes decisions regarding patient care Supervises PTAs and PT techs Interpret referrals and prescriptions Evaluate patient and create plan of care Perform evaluations, reevaluations, and discharge planning
49
Evaluation
Initial session, identifying problems, difficulties, weaknesses
50
Reevaluation
measure gains, look for deficits, see if patient has plateaued. what is and isn't working. Nevada law: PT must reassess patient every 7th visit or 21 days.
51
Average length for short term goals
3-6 months shorter in orthopedic settings where patients aren't expected to stay for as long, so can sometimes be two weeks
52
Average length for long term goals
Usually 6 months to a year
53
NEVADA LAW: How often must PT reassess the patient?
Every 7th visit or 21 days.
54
How many credit hours must a PT/PTA take to maintain licensure?
15 credit hours, usually a full weekend
55
Can PTs prescribe medication?
no
56
PTA level of education
graduate of an APTA accredited program (associates of applied science) education at csn does not cross over to a PT degree at unlv
57
NEVADA LAW: How many hours of supervision must be maintained after graduation?
2000 hours of supervision
58
PT TECH and supervision
must be in direct line of site of PT cannot put hands on patient, cannot teach, no modalities and no procedures Cannot work if PT calls out sick PTA who has graduated cant do anything until after first 2000 hours
59
How must letters of recommendation be signed to get into the program?
Must be signed across the seal
60
When is packet due?
June 1st
61
How many people get into the program?
Took 10 last year, a maximum of 12
62
What is the Juris Prudis exam?
Knowing local and state laws
63
Classes for PTA
Anatomy (phys) kinesiology path 1&2 observations and measurement physical Agents ? Fundamentals of pt ther ex 1&2 O&P (orthotics and prosthetics) ADMIN psych social cardio/pulm neurology 2 clinical affiliations (8 weeks each) 320 affiliation hours, 8 40 hour weeks each
64
UNLV DPT Program Prerequisites?
BS in any field GPA 3.0 or above Bachelors has to have 2 anatomy and phys 1 stats 2 bio 2 chemistry with labs 2 physics with labs 2 psychology 3 letters (2 from pts) oral interview 100 hours PT observation GRE graduate record exame: score of 300 minimum
65
UNLV DPT PROGRAM CLASSES
Anat/phys neuro anat kines path neurophys obs/measure phys agents electro therapy spec. topics ther ex 1&2 O&P Admin/leadership psych social cardio pulm eval tech pro. dev peds geriatrics pharmacology imaging electives research women’s studies 4 affiliations (5-12 wks each) 6 month internship
66
RLA stands for?
Rancho Los Amigos
67
STEP is
initial contact of one foot and ends with initial contact of other foot Right heel contact until left heel strikes
68
TTWB
Toe Touch Weight Bearing only allowed to touch toe to ground, really for body awareness
68
Default Weight Bearing Status
immediately ask doctor while waiting, the general is 30% of body weight
69
WBAT
Weight Bearing As Tolerated whatever the patient feels comfortable with often towards end of process
70
FWB
Full Weight Bearing
71
NWB
Non Weight Bearing
72
PWB
Partial Weight Bearing
73
Five Cardinal Signs (Bed Mobility and Transfers)
Keep the Load Close Create a Base of Support Use Isometric Contractions of the Trunk Lift with the legs (do not twist) (where hips go everything else follows) Use Verbal Clues
74
General Considerations for Bed Mobility and Transfers
review chart for weight bearing precautions ask patient or family what transfer works best for them consider your own weight and height allow patient to do as much as they can orient the patient and demonstrate what you want them to do use gravity, transfer downhill or level secure items use gait belt
75
Passive ROM
(range of motion) Produced entirely by external force, little voluntary muscle movement
76
Active Assistive ROM
(range of motion) assistance provided by outside force because muscles need assistance to move
77
Active ROM
produced by active muscles
78
Self Assisted ROM
patient taught to use stronger extremity to assist weaker extremity
79
Surgical term for TKR
Total Knee Replacement = Total Knee Arthroplasty
80
AD
Assistive Devices
81
QUAD SET exercise
lying down push knee into bed and push foot up while leg is flat or with towel under knees, tightening quads
82
STRAIGHT LEG RAISE exercise
lying down raise leg a few inches, lower slowly and then relax
83
ANKLE PUMP exercise
lying down point ankle forward and then up
84
ANKLE CIRCLES
lying down moving ankle in circles, reverse direction, relax
85
HEEL SLIDE
lying down Bend knee up by sliding heel back and then slide it back flat
86
BRIDGES
lying down feet bent and flat and lifting hips up
87
Terminal Knee Extension
lying down Pillow under knee, lift toe and foot up
88
MINI SQUATS
Standing exercise Very small knee bend
89
HEEL RAISES
Standing Exercise Lifting heels up and weight on toes
90
Seated Knee Flexion
chair exercise
91
Hemiplegic Gait
one-sided paralysis, weakness can't do knee flexion or foot flexion compensate by moving leg in a circle pattern
92
Diplegic Gait
spasticity, high muscle tone, stiff in legs crouched gait pattern turn feet and legs inward, up on tippy toes, bent forward, staggering walk same circle movement but on both legs, use arms for counterbalance
93
Neuropathic Gait
nerve issue, inability to dorsalflex the foot must step high to clear the foot, like marching but dragging toe Lifts foot high up and drags forward
94
Myopathic Gait
Muscle issue trendelenburg gait, abnormal hip abductor mechanism, pelvis drop/swaying hips waddle as pelvis drops and comes back up instead of remaining perpendicular
95
Ataxic Gait
no coordination or stability, constant trembling or tremor kind of state difficult to start and stop, difficulty watlking in straight line
96
Four simple rules for active listening
1. Show you're willing to listen 2. Listen for both feeling and content 3. Clarify - ask questions and make sure you understand 4. Verify - sum up what you understand from talk
97
Seven Deadly Dont's for active listening
1. don't make assumptions 2. don't deny the senders feelings 3. don't jump to conclusions 4. don't offer a quick fix 5. don't talk about yourself 6. don't be judgemental 7. don't interrupt
98
Definition of Physical Therapy from APTA
Definition amended in 1993 PT is a health profession whose primary purpose is the promotion of optimal human health and function through the application of scientific principles to prevent, identify, asses, correct, and alleviate acute or prolonged dysfunctions. Expanded. Evaluate, alleviate, prevent, educate; EAPE 1. evaluates patients of all ages with impairments, functional limitations, and/or disability to determine appropriate intervention/type of therapy 2. attempts to alleviate impairments and functional limitations by designing, implementing, and modifying appropriate therapeutic interventions using tools, exercises, modalities, training 3. attempts to prevent injury, functional limitations, and disabilities by promoting health, fitness, and quality of life through wellness programs, work hardening programs, and industrial health. 4. engages in education and research to be at the forefront of the field and to meet the needs of their patients.
99
5 criteria to meet definition of a profession
1. commitment to the particular field of work or service 2. specific service to clients 3. recognized, official representative organization 4. specialized education is necessary and standardized. 5. autonomy of judgement Commitment, service, organization, education, autonomy CSOEA
100
Definition of Physiotherapy
science of corrective exercises used in England and France before the US
101
When was the Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction created?
1917, goal of the division was to "reconstruct" injured soldiers to as near normal as possible.
102
Reconstruction Aides
first physical therapists, all women, unmarried, 25-40 years old, US citizen, 60-70 inches tall, 100-195 pounds, cheerful, subordinate, cooperative, team player. eugh
103
Who was Mary McMillan
US citizen, trained in England as a physiotherapist. Head reconstruction aide at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington D.C. in 1918. Later appointed to Reed College in Portland, Oregon to start the first pt program. Called "War Emergency Training Course in Physiotherapy". lasted 6 months.
104
When was the AWPTA created?
American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association January 15, 1921 In Keen's Chop House in New York City with Mary McMillan as its first president. also started first journal called Physiotherapy review.
105
What did the AWPTA change its name to in 1922?
American Physiotherapy Association (APA) and began admitting men.
106
When was the first standardized curriculum published by the APA and how long did it last?
in 1928, lasted 9 months.
107
When were the first schools for physical therapy technicians accredited?
1933 jointly by the APA and AMA. in 1935 the first competency exams were given.
108
When was the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (polio) established?
1938, source of support for pt profession both financially and vocally
109
What roles were created in the 1940s?
Doctors established "Physiatrist" - a doctor who specializes in rehabilitation medicine Physical therapy technicians officially became known as "Physical Therapists" in 1945, became a four year degree independent of other curricula
110
When did the name change to American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)?
1947
111
When were the first schools created for the idea of physical therapist assistants?
1967, two schools in Miami and Minneapolis. Two year programs with the first graduates in 1969 TIP graduates in 1969 nice, - 2 for 1967
112
When was the APTA recognized by the United States office of education as an accrediting agency?
1977, but it took until 1983 for the AMA to no longer be involved in physical therapy school accreditation.
113
Porgram Prerequesite courses
HHP 123, HHP 124 - Introduction to Human BOdy and lab Math 116, 120, 124 or higher ENG 100, 101, 107, 113 PT 100
114
What do you need to complete before selection
Health programs Orientation, meet with Health Programs Advisor, complete limited entry workshop (within 2 yars of application deadline)_
115
what is minimum GPA for all program prerequesites
2.50
116
How many times can you attempt prerequisite courses?
three times
117
Additional Gen Ed Requirements
communications US & Nevada constitution SOcial sciences/humanities Human relations ** can only enroll once accepted into program
118
limited entry applicatoin fee
20 per application
119
Program course work
Fall sem, program course work starts pt 105, 1 cr, musculoskeletal anatomy review PT 110; 2 cr; Principles of Kinesiology PT 11;1; 2 cr; Problems of Kinesiology PT 117; 2 cr; Fundamental Principles for the Physical Therapist Assistant Spring sem PT 120; 2 cr; Observation and Measurement Prin. for the Physical Therapist Assistant PT 121; 2 cr; Observation and Measurement Procedures PT 122; 3 cr; Psychological-Social Considerations in Patient Care PT 125; 2 cr; Principles of Physical Agents PT 126; 2 cr; Physical Agents Procedures and Practices PT 130; 2 cr; Administration in Physical Therapy PT 134; 2 cr; Clinical Affiliation Second Fall PT 225; 3 cr; Therapeutic Principles for Musculoskeletal Pathologies PT 226; 2 cr; Therapeutic Procedures for Musculoskeletal Pathologies PT 238; 3 cr; Pathophysiology I PT 240; 1 cr; Orthotic and Prosthetic Considerations in Patient Care PT 244; 2 cr; Clinical Affiliation I PT 250; 2 cr; Therapeutic Principles for Cardiopulmonary Pathologies PT 251; 1 cr; Therapeutic Procedures for Cardiopulmonary Pathologies Second Spring PT 248; 3 cr; Pathophysiology II PT 254; 3 cr; Therapeutic Principles for Neuromuscular Path. PT 255; 2 cr; Therapeutic Procedures for Neuromuscular Pathologies PT 256; 2 cr; Clinical Affiliation