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PT100 Study > Presentation Notes > Flashcards

Presentation Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: Definition

A

orthotist : braces and splints for people

prosthetists: prosthesis, artificial limbs

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2
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: History

A

traceable back to ancient times
orthotic started with leather, textiles, and metals
physical and spiritual need for functional and cosmetic wholeness to limb loss in battle

mood metal glue and leather up to 20th century

15th to 19th century, franc and switz making artificial limbs that could bend using cables gears and cranks

today, more lightweight and durable with plastic, titanium, silicone

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3
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: where and schedule

A

found in health and personal care stores, private orthotic/prosthetic facilities, major hospitals and non governemnt organizations

40+ hours usually

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4
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: job duties

A

evaluate and interview patietns tod determine needs
take measurements or impressions of part of a patietns body that will be fitted with brace or artificial limb
design and fabricate orthopedic and prosthetic devices based on physicians prescriptions
select materials to be used
instruct on use and care
adjust,r repair, or replace prostthetic and orthotic devices
document care in patients’ records

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5
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: clients/patients

A

orthotists see patietns with existing libms that need additional support

prosthetist see patients with amputated limbs

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6
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: equipment

A

Tplate foot pressure plate: analyze weight distribution in the feet

baseline goniometers: measure joint range of motion

pneumatic squeeze dynamometer: measure hand and finger strength
baseline goniometers: joint range of motion

braces for knees, pelvis, neck, and spine.

prosthetist can usee fabricated metal and alluminum parts

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7
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: w PT/PTA

A

physical therapist can determine when an orthotist is needed to help a patient and can work together to create the brace itself and the treatment that follows

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8
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: OTHER professionals

A

dietitians and nutritionists can help getting the required mac/micro nutrients ended for recovery and prevention

psychiatrists play arole in mental health of the patient

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9
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: level of education

A

CAAHEP : commission on accreditation of allied health education programs

NCOPE: national commission on orthotic and prosthetic

12 month residency ??? aaaaaaaa too fast

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10
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: program at CSN?

A

no program at csn, or in the state of nevada

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11
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: licensure requirements

A

bachelors in related field
complete masters accredited by CAAEP
complete clinical residency
pass exam American board for certification of

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12
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: continuing education requirements

A

two years + 30 hrs

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13
Q

Orthotist and Prosthetist: representative organization

A

American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association (AOPA)

established 1917

NAAOP national association for the advancement of orthotics and prosthetics

established 1987
collective voice and high quality patient standards

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14
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: definition

A

licensed communication experts that identify, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, hearing, and feeding/swallowing difficulties

no difference between speech and language pathologist adn speech therapist

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15
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: history

A

18th century - creation of dictionaries, Samuel Potter’s book “speech and its defects”

1925 - ASHA (American speech and language hearing association)

1940s-1950s: Effects of WW2, aphasia affected soldiers

1960s-1980s: distinction between speech disorder and language disorder, involvement of technology

1990-Present: further studies in communication disorders. work in more settings. growing more, expected to grow by 29% within next three years

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16
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: where and schedule

A

Found in
-education
early intervention
healthcare
hopsitals
residential care
nonresidental care
private care
corporate
government agencies
public health departments
uniformed services

Interview: Karina Magdangal
typical work week 40~ hours a week, 4-5 times a week

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17
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: job duties

A

Karina Magdangal

assessment is initial evaluation or re
progress summaries either 3 or 6 months depending on insurance
discharge when needed
30 minute sessions for speech
implement language on the swing if they want to play, let them move if they get wiggly before coming back to work
basic sign language for nonverbal kids

duties incldue evaluations, reevaluations, assessments, progress/discharge summary

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18
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: clients/patients

A

works with children with autism, developmental delays, issues with swallowing and eating
might work with adults with neurological events such as stroke, cancer, trauma etc

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19
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: equipment

A

Sensi: vibratory oral motor tool used for stimulationand massage as well as exercises of the tongue, palate,and jaw (speech and feeding therapy)

Bite Blocks: different sized blocks to aid with jaw stability and strength

Chewy tubes: utilized to teach proper chewing, biting, and normalization of oral habits

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20
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: w PT/PTA

A

SLP and PT improve ADLS together
common to see them workign together
both work to better a patient’s every day activities
plan treatment/plan of care together with PTs in pedatric setting
Utilize PT equipment in SL sessions
can use pt equipment to let children move around

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21
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: other professionals

A

referrals and self-referrals: it’s an autonomous profession: independent or inter-professional framework

collaborate with: audiologists, physicians, nurses, educators, dieticians, etc

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22
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: education

A

bachelors degree in medical field
earn master of sicence in speech-language pathology
pass praxis exam
obtain licensure and certification in state

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23
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: at CSN?

A

no SLP program
does offer communication programs and majors that can lead to career in speech therapies
also deaf studies

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24
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: Licensure requirements

A

apply for a provisional license
complete a practical and postgraduate clinical fellowship (minimum of 36 weeks to 1260 hours)
pass the praxis exam (usually taken in last semester of graduate program)
secure certificate of clinical competence in speech-language pathology

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25
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: Continuing education

A

postsecondary programs, seminars, annual tests/classes
annual 10 hours of continuing education if licensed by board
ethics, cultural competence/humility, culturally responsive practices/diversity, equity and inclusion

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26
Q

Speech and Language Pathology / Speech therapist: Representative Organization

A

ASHA: American speech and language hearing association
founded in 1925 in new york

audiologists, speech language pathologists, speech language and hearing scientists, audiology, speech language pathology assistants, and students

rhetoric speech and theater ? 25 members to 228000 members as of 2022

Mission statement: Empowering and supporting audiologists, speech-language pathologists, good environment for employees

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27
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: Definition

A

Originally called radiologic technologists, also known as radiographers

perform medical exams using x-rays on patietns to create images of specific parts of the body

images are then interpreted by a doctor for diagnosis, monitoring of disease

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28
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: History

A

founded in december 1995 by William Conrad Rontgen

discovered xrays after seven weeks of assiduous work

called xrays to underline the fact that their nature was unknown

new radiation to go through screens of notable thickness

physicians and physicist began as early as january 1986 to use xrays on patients

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29
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: where and schedule

A

hospitals, emergency rooms,operating rooms, optical care unites, laboratories, private imaging services

private health care and outpatient
work fulltime 40 hours, or shifts or part time
cna work on weekends, evenings, or on call

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30
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: Job duties

A

Four classifications
x-ray technician 8: close supervision

X_RAY tech 9: increased responsibility

X-RAy technician 10 : ????

8-10 have same job duties, set radiographic controls, take xrays, distribute films to medical staff, perform radiographic procedures ofr patients in surgery
maintains minor adjustments to equipment
protects from radiation

XRAY technician 11: Advanced level
can do more complex tasks than other xray techs
coordinate work of lower xray techs
oversees quality o work

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31
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: clients/patients

A

treat patietns of all ages

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32
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: equipment

A

X-Ray Generator: provides three things to produce xrays: electrons, means of acceleration, and target for interaction

X-Ray Tube: create xray photons from electric energy
provide sufficient output and heat load

X-Ray Cassets: hecc

xray film: displays several layer of radiographic image. emulsion layer is latent image, developed into visible film during film process

X-ray Diffraction: XRD, verastile non-desturctive analytical technique

X-RAY DARK ROOM
what they used to use, but have advanced
like a photography room
to process and evelop xray films manually
darkroom be dark
develop film
transfer film to bath
transfer film to fixing solution
washing

How it’s done today:
single xray room accomodates all radiographic needs
elevatin table can hold 770 lbs ?
digital radiography
detector charges while in bucky
uploads to computer right away so you can get xrays as soon as possible
different sized cassettes

can last an entire ship, up to 8.2 hours, or 300 images

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33
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: w PT/PTA

A
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34
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: OTHER professionals

A

Radiology Nurses
both focus on patients
provide care patients needs during imaging
Radiologists: doctors

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35
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: education

A

associates degree, complete prerequisites dpending on college

Bachelors Degree
minimum 120 semester credit hours, including clinical
take national credentialing exam in maging modality speciality

Masters degree
complete research and thesis
learn about patient care and diganostics procedures
teaching specialty ??

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36
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: at CSN?

A

offers 21 months in radiation therapy ???
oh boy they got confused too

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37
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: licensure requirements

A

ocmpleted an educational program review
complete annual renewal

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38
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: continuing education requirements

A

complete and report continuing education activities every two years
complete report 24 credits of approved continuing education activities

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39
Q

X-RAY TECHNICIAN: representative organization

A

American Society of Radiologic Technologists

ability insurance
products like scrubs
savings on travel, restaurants, insurance

Mission: elevate profession and enhance quality and patient care

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40
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: definition

A

graduated from college’s nursing program or from a school of nursing and has passed a national licensing exam

a registered nurse is a nurse who has graduated or successfully passed a nursing program

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41
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: history

A

before “registered nurse” was an official title, ti was often a religious practice. until 1854
florence nightingale left impact as lady with the lamp, crimean war, reduced fatal rate by ⅔
nightingale fund was established, went to St. Thomas hospital
domino effect to war nursing, dorothea dix was appointed superintendent
multiple nursing schools 1873
1892 african American nursing
1915 NLNE: national league of nursing education
2008: practice of advanced nursing

probably became required to be educated around early 1910s, kind of like physical therapists

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42
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: where and schedule

A

everywhere
Location:
hospitals, walk in and surgical clinics, emergency transport, residental homes and at-home care, legal consultancy, court system, telephone triage, schools, education/training, correctional facilities, military bases, corporate offices
pretty much everywhere
most ppl think of er nurses but here’s also surgical nurses and can be platned lots of places

RNs in hospitals and nursing home facilities, where round-the-clock care is required
may work nights, weekends, holidays. some facilities offer per diem work and on call shifts too
part time work is not super common

Working 12 hour shifts 3-4 times a week is very common for an RN

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43
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: job duties

A

JOB DUTIES
provide and coordinate patient care, education patietns and pblic about countless health concerns, provide advice and support to patietns and families
some tasks without specialties
give medications
transfers
adls
manage unit
supervising medical assistants and nurses on unit
communicate with doctors
changing dressings
wound care
patient assessments
vitals and measurements
patietns symptoms
physical examinations
drawing blood samples
requesting and conducting diagnostic tests
recommend care options to physicians
maintaining accurate and detailed records
consulting with other health care providres
sharing relevant patietn information at shift chagne such as admissions, discharges, and changes

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44
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: clients/patients

A

everywheeere

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45
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: equipment

A

Equipment description
gait belt
wheelchairs
vitals machines
electronic overhead lift
specialty vehicle (wheelchari accessible)
shower/commode chair
adjustable bed
hand orthosis
catheter
braces/supports
CPR board
standing board
personal care/hygiene supplies
hydrotherapy equipment
IVs
surgical tools
PPE
needles

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46
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: w PT/PTA

A

PT/PTA
rehab/ hospital setting, accompany transport patietns to PT facility (often nearby)

PTs would teach nurses proper transfer technique

follow through encouraging patient to keep up with PT exercises

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47
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: other professionals

A

OT helps RNs set up patient ot dress/feed self, independent support

RNs work with speech therapist to learn to feed patient with ahrd time swallowing

constantly working with physician following/discussing care plan

accompany patietns to appointments

48
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: level of education

A

Three paths taken
bachelors degree in nursing -. BSN bachelors of science in nursing
Associates degree in nursing - two four years (ADN) and (ASN)
Diploma from an approved nursing program - two or three years

typical courses to expect when taking nursing: anatomy, physiology, microbiology, psychology, and social.

can just go through approved program or get an associates, but hospitals and things want a bachelors or a masters more than an associates

blended LPNs and RN
wanting to lower responsibilites for LPNS and raise responbilites to RN now, going back to old school
because they got blended over time

49
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: CSN?

A

Nursing program includes classroom instruction and clinical practice in adult health nursing, family health, mental health.

LPN licensed practical nurse
RN registered nurse
limited entry
accredited
passing rate for all three years 88.3% in fall 2020-spring 2021
passing rates: 80.85
employment: rate 86%

50
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: license requirements

A

National Council Licensure examination
criminal bcakgorudn check
may be certified in ambulatory care, gerontology, pediatrics
cpr, basic life support, advanced cardiac life support

51
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: continuing education

A

changed in june 2023: 82nd legislative session up to 30 hours

52
Q

REGISTERED NURSE [RN]: representative organization

A

Representative organization
ANA (American Nurses Association)

1896 originatedfrom nurse associated alumnae, getting name to be official in 1911

53
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: definition

A

Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people.

Healthcare Social Workers: they help patients understand their illness or condition and provide them with information about the resources available to them to cope with the emotional, financial, and social needs that arise with diagnoses.

54
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: history

A

1800s
- Charity organization societies and settlement houses foundation for modern day social work,
- 1898 Columbia university developed the first class in social work

1900s-1910s
- 1904 Boston School for Social Workers established
- 1915 “Is social work a profession” by dr abraham flexner
- 1919, fifteen schools were in operation with most of them following casework model

1920s
- role of social workers expanded to new areas
- ideas popularized by Sigmund Freud led to the growth of psychiatric social work

1930s
- New Deal expanded social welfare programs
- 1930 40000 jobs to 1940 70000 jobs

1940s-1950s
- WWII led to social workers assisting and creating services for those impacted by the war
- social workers bachelor’s degree, more standardized
- 1955 NASW established from the merging of seven other pre-existing agencies

1960s-1970s
- Many social workers were involved in the civil rights movement and other social movements
- 1973 Bachelor of Social Work, BSW, developed by colleges and universities

1980s
- Social work lobbied for legal regulation
- mid 1980s there were 100,000 NASW members
- states began to require licensure, impacted what insurance companies covered and what services ppl could access

1990s-2000s
- social workers largest percentage of those in mental health and family service fields
- internet, social media, and other new technology created new ways for social workers to address problems around the world

55
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: where and schedule

A
  • government agencies
  • organizatoins
  • child welfare agencies
  • schools
  • hospitals
  • mental health clinics
56
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: job duties

A
  • identify people and communities in need of help
  • research, refer, and advocate for community resources
  • respond to crisis situations
  • provide psychotherapy services
  • help clients adjust to changes and challenges in their lives
  • assess clients’ needs, situations, strengths
  • monitor clients’ situations, and follow up to ensure that they have improved
  • maintain case files and records
57
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: clients/patients

A
58
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: equipment

A
  • pen and paper
  • watch
  • clear bag
  • items for personal joy
  • agenda or calendar
59
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: w PT/PTA

A
  • paths often cross professionally
  • may be two of many professionals who work together as a care service team
  • may refer patients to each other if they believe they need alternative help
60
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: other professionals

A
  • organize treatment plans and discharge
  • work together to meet needs
  • coordinate communication

Physicians
- better focus on specialties
- ease conflict and misunderstandings
- discuss best treatments from different angles

Occupational Therapists
- find best ways to meet needs
- help patients cope with pain and distress of treatment
- continued care after patietn is discharged

Speech and Language Pathologists
- work together to support adjust to communication
- help gain access to disability resources and gain greater levels of autonomy
- work together to make medical decisions on treatment

61
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: level of education

A

Bachelors degree
many get masters
state license

62
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: CSN

A

No program at csn, but you can get an associates in psychology or sociology and transfer to a different university

63
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: licensure requirements

A

LSW - licensed social worker
LCSW - licensed clinical social worker
LISW - licensed independent social worker
must be at least 21

64
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: continuing education requirements

A

LSW, LMSW, LASW
- 30 hrs every two years. 2 in suicide prevention and awareness, 2 hrs in cultural diversity equality and inclusion, 4 hrs ethics, 10 hrs in field of practice

LCSW and LISW
- 36 hrs every 2 years, same as above except 12 hrs in field of practice of license

65
Q

SOCIAL WORKERS: representative organization

A

NASW: National Association of Social Workers

MISSION
membership organization that works to enhance the professional growth and and development of our members, to create and maintain professional standards for social workers, and to advance sound social policies.

PURPOSE
- promote quality and effectiveness of social work practice in US
- to improve conditions of life in our democratic society using social work knowledge and skills
- to help maintain and promote high standards for social work practice and preparation for practice

66
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: definition

A

use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation, as well as manual procedures to perform testing and provide results that are essential to diagnosis

67
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: history

A

1896 - first clinical laboratory
1922 - ASCP formed
1926 - ACs Mandates Clinical Laboratories
1928 - ASCP creates board of registry
high school diploma, 1 year didactic work, accreditation from laboratory
1940: the coulter principle developed
allowed blood cells to be counted more quickly?
1960: MLTs are created!
1988: CLIA is passed
required all labs to have quality assurance

68
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: where and schedule

A

hospitals
fertility centers
blood and organ banks
research facilities
public health organizations
commercial and diagnostic laboratories

generally work a set schedule
most work full time (40 hrs)
may work nights, weekends holidays
many labs are open 24/7

69
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: job duties

A

collect blood and tissue samples from patients
analyze patient samples in search of abnormalities
prepare necessary solutions to add to samples
test blood and urine
etc

hospital: test blood and urine
test for diabetes, liver function, kidney function
throat swabs for strep throat
incubate plates overnight to see what bacteria is growing
provide rapid, precise ansswers to a patient’s condition

70
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: clients/patients

A

hospital
rehab
blood donors
outpatient clincis
homebound remote patients

71
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: equipment

A

Microscopes for vital analyses
test tubes
microtomes
centrifuges
incubators

72
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: w PT/PTA

A

often don’t work directly with PT/PTAs, because med lab ppl are often quite secluded in the lab

73
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: other professionals

A

report patient’s results
if critical value, must immediately contact nurses/doctor, have to document who left note and hwo they left it do and how they left a note

74
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: level of education

A

high school diploma
associate degree or certificate
hospitals, vocational schools, military centers
Obtain State Licensure
have associate or certificate then pass exam
AAB or ASCP certification can improve prospects, even if not necessary

75
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: CSN

A

YES
MLT Program (AA) Requirements
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Services

76
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: licensure requirements

A

2 year degree in associates in science
school and program accredited
pass board exam issued by
American Society Clincial Pathology
American Medical Technnologists
999 point scale, 400 points ?

77
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: continuing education

A

general lab certificants: biannual accumulation of 20 contact hours
36 credits for every 3 years of classes that are lab related, any classes acceptable as long as it relates to lab

78
Q

MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN: representative organization

A

ASCLS
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science

AAB
American Association of Bioanalysts

79
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: definition

A

educated health professional
according to American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)
every day life activities to promote health, well being,a nd your ability to particiapate in important activities in life

80
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: history

A

originated in 19th century in Europe with promotion of massage and manual therapy. 20th century massage ??

81
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: where and schedule

A

hsoptials
outpaitient clinics
psychiatric hospitals
office and school systems

Often work 40 hour weeks, usually monday through friday 9-5

82
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: job duties

A

OT responsible for initial evaluation if services are needed, what level of services, and then creates a care plan
OT sees patients every 7th visit or 21 days on what the OTAs have been working with
provide education, equipment, upgrades and downgrades, vitals and response, administer and interpret assessments, and lots of documentation

83
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: clients/patients

A

assistive devices
deficits in ADLS IADLs
ortho, nuero, pulmonary, diseases
typically comorbidities like COPD, depression/anxiety, diabetes etc

84
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: PT/PTA

A

OT can choose to work with PT or work solo
can assist during treatment session, have overlapping tasks and treatment
often OT will help with training with the day
PT can focus on specific directed goals
symbiotic relationship

85
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: other professionals

A

vital to well rounded rehab team
self feeding
concerns regarding patient with neurses
training and education

86
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: equipment

A

depends on location
Modalities: diathermy, ultrasound, paraffin wax, E-stim, TENS
Assistive devices/ adaptive equipment (FWW, 4WW, sock aids, reacher grabber, long handled sponge, shoe horn, adaptive/modified utensils/ sliding board, wheelchairs)
exercise equipment
worksheets and handouts

87
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: level of education

A

associates
bachelors
doctoral
clinical experience
pass exam iwth at least 600/800
apply for licensure

88
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: CSN

A

No, but it used to
from 1998-2011
was a two year program, but had historically low yields. internally combusted and fell to pieces from instructors getting sick or passing away

89
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: licensure requirements

A

ACOTE accredited OT program
pass fieldwork requirements
NBCOT certification examination
complete license application
criminal backgorund check, transcript from program, juris prudis exam, letters of recommendation, passport like photo

complete education
fieldwork
pass exam
gather documents
apply for license

90
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: continuing education

A

Nevada. minimum of 24 contact hours for biennial renwal cycle. a maximum of 10 hours can carry over. Documentation is required to renew or reinstate license

91
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS: representative organization

A

formed in 1917 of the AOTA (American Occupational THerapy Association)
230,000 occupational therapists

92
Q

SONOGRAPHY: Definition

A

analysis of sound using an instrument which produces a graphical representation of its component frequencies

93
Q

SONOGRAPHY: History

A

1826 Jean-Daniel Colladon measures speed of sound through water
1842: christian doppler publishes doppler theory
1880 discover piezoelectric affect
1912 sinking of titanic inspires invention of high frequency
1942- a-mode to study brain tissue
1947 - ludwig soundwave detection of gallstones
1968 articulated scanners popular
1970 American society of oh no
1973 - computer processing revolutionizes imagine
1973 - created
ASUTS renamed Society of Diagnostic and medical sonographers
1982 real time scanner
1989 - first commercial 3d scanner
2002: Diagnostic medial sonography ons pace station
2013: plugs into smarpthoen or tablet
2015: FDA approves something for liver?
2017: ultrasound used for cancer detection in dense breast tissue
2019: frame rates, resolution, color dopper continue to improve
2020: FDA approves first ai software
2021: faster growth for sonographer compared to all other occupations????
2022: stamp sized ultrasound adhesives produce continuing
2023: fast paced advances

1928: Sy Sokolove first proposed ultrasound to find flaws in deep metal structures
1947-1949: George Ludwig one of first to use in hecc

94
Q

SONOGRAPHY: where and schedule

A

Hospitals
clinics
medical labs
diagnostic labs

40 hours a week,
depends onw here you work for shifts
some work 4 10s

95
Q

SONOGRAPHY: job duties

A

operate imaging equipment, make sure images are quality
identify normal and abnormal imaging results
communicating to physician or professional
alerting physicians to urgent problems
preparing and educating patients for procedures

96
Q

SONOGRAPHY: clients/patients

A

work to fidn abnormalities iwthin patients
work in different fields with patients of all ages
abdomen
OB/GYN
Breast
Neurosonology

97
Q

SONOGRAPHY: equipment

A

basic ultrasound machine
2d image shown on monitor
doppler ultrasound
measure movement and speed of objects inside the body
3d and 4d ultrasound
creates clearer image

98
Q

SONOGRAPHY: pt/pta

A

deep heating: used to increase blood circulation
Cavitation: PT may use ultrasound energy to cause rapid contractiona nd expansion of gas bubbles to speed up healing

99
Q

SONOGRAPHY: other professionals

A

help PTs and OTs identify cause of pain
treat soft tissue injuries
avoid threats of blood clots
provide results quickly

100
Q

SONOGRAPHY: level of education

A

associates degree
bachelors
1 year certifications for those from other medical fields

101
Q

SONOGRAPHY: CSN

A

yes, two of them
cardiac/vascular ultrasound
general/vascular ultrasound

102
Q

SONOGRAPHY: licensure requirements

A

Licensure Requirement
Required states: New hampshire, new mexico, north dakota, oregon

103
Q

SONOGRAPHY: continuing education requirements

A

ARMDS
recertifcation every 10 years
30 continuing education credits in each 3rd year period
only from ARMDS approved sources
volunteering, surveys, earning new ARDMS credential, attending conferences, and writing journal articles

104
Q

SONOGRAPHY: representative organization

A

ARDMS
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography
independent, non-profit organization that administers examinations, awards credentials in areas of ultrasound
empowers sonographers to provide exceptional cair

105
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: definition

A

health information technicians responsible for reviewing and organizing medical records. hospitals and facilities rely on these professionals to file patient health data securely

106
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: history

A

1920s: realize documetning patietn care benefits providors and patients
1928: year health information became official. American College of Surgeons
1960s-1920s: introduced beginning of new system. development of computers. amrican universities explore combining
1980s

oh no

107
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: where and schedule

A

physician’s practices
home health agencies
nursing homes
public health agencies
pharmaceutical companies
law and insurance firms
health product vendors

most 40 hour weeks

108
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: job duties

A

review patient data and medical records for accuracy and cquality control
organize and maintain patient data for clincial dtabases and registires
trakc patient outcomes
using classifications oftware to code
electronidcallyr ecord data
maintain confidentiality

109
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: clients/patients

A

medical colleagues
administrators
insurance company workers
makes ure data is private and sexcure

110
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: equipment

A

Electronic Health Records (EHR) system
Referral trackers
remote patient monitoring
patient portals
computerized provider entry

111
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: pt/pta

A

create more efficient and productive dynamic. help obtain and record necessary information

112
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: other professionals

A

coordinate with various healthcare workers to gather patient data, lab results, test findings, medical histories, encode them in dtabase. detect any mistakes

113
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: level of education

A

associates or bachelors in health information technology.
certifications such as RHIT, RHIA, CCA

114
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: csn

A

YES
associates of applied science

115
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: licensure requirements

A

RHIT Exam offered by American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA)
130-160 multiple choice questions

116
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: continuing education requirements

A

certification isn’t required by law, but many employers look for candidates with RHIT certificat
continuing 20 hours of continuing education

117
Q

HEALTH INFORMATION: representative organization

A

AHIMA
American health information management association

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