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PT100 Study > Chapter 7: Lymphatic and Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

ambi-

A

both, both sides, around, about

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2
Q

con-

A

together, with

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3
Q

contra-

A

against, opposite

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4
Q

dia-

A

through, across

TIP
diagonal

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5
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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6
Q

endo-

A

in, within, inner

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7
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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8
Q

iso-

A

same, equal

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9
Q

peri-

A

beside, near

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10
Q

tox-

A

toxin, poison

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11
Q

-cele

A

hernia

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12
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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13
Q

-ecstasis

A

dilation, expansion

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14
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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15
Q

-emia

A

a condition of the blood

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16
Q

-genic

A

creating, producing

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17
Q

-ia

A

condition

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18
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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19
Q

-logy

A

study of

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20
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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21
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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23
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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24
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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25
Q

-phobia

A

fear

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26
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture, suturing

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27
Q

Lymph

A

clear, colorless alkaline fluid made up of mostly water, along with some protein, salts, fats, white blood cells, and urea (a waste product of protein metabolism)

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28
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

found throughout the body alongside arteries, veins, and capillaries

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29
Q

What facilitates lymph flow through lymphatic vessels?

A

there is no pump like the heart, instead it is facilitated by the pumping action of skeletal muscles

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30
Q

lymph nodes

A

commonly called glands, rich in specialized white blood cells called phagocytes

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31
Q

phagocytes

A

specialized white blood cells, cleans debris from lymph through a process called phagocytosis

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32
Q

phagocytosis

A

A process in which white blood cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, cell debris, and blood cells that are damaged, old, or abnormal

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33
Q

lymphatic system

A

also considered a part of immune system, an intricate network of vessels that collect the excess tissue fluid, called lymph, and return it to the circulation

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34
Q

where does lymph enter the circulatory system and combine with blood?

A

superior vena cava

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35
Q

terms for inflamed gland?

A

lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy

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36
Q

Which areas of the body have especially high numbers of lymph nodes?

A

neck, axillae (armpits), groin, abdomen

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37
Q

Two sets of lymph nodes in the throat

A

tonsils and adenoids

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38
Q

lymphedema

A

buildup of fluid, sometimes caused by the removal of axillary lymph nodes

ex. removal of tonsils and adenoids does not interview with flow of lymph fluid, but axillary lymph nodes can cause lymphedema. common in breast cancer patients and may require specialized massage techniques or comression wrapping to help drain the fluid

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39
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

cancer that affects the organs of the lymphatic system

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40
Q

thymus gland

A

in the mediastinum above the heart
plays a role in immunity and is believed to play a role in protecting our bodies against cancer

two fused lobes and is divided into an outer part (cortex), mostly composed of immature T lymphocytes, and an inner part (medulla)

most active during prenatal period and earl years of life. grows until puberty and then gradually shrinks as we age.

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41
Q

T lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell, referred to as killer T cells because of their ability to seek out and destroy cells that are infected or have become cancerous
mature in thymus and then circulate into other immune-system structures

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42
Q

spleen

A

dark-red, oval-shaped organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, just under the ribs. surrounded by an outer capsule of connective tissue and is divded into compartments

forms RBCs and WBCs during prenatal development, after birth only produces RBCs in cases of severe need; but continues to make WBCs and antibodies

acts as a storage container holding 100ml to 30000ml of blood and 30% of the body’s total platelets

43
Q

Urea

A

waste product of metabolism

44
Q

Metastasized

A

Spread to another part of the body

45
Q

aden/o

A

gland

adenoma (Ăd-ĕ-NŌ-mă)
tumor of a gland

46
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid

adenoidectomy (ăd-ĕ-noyd-ĔK-tō-mē)
excision or surgical removal of an adenoid

47
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

angiasthenia (ăn-jē-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă)
absence of vessel strength

48
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

vasorrhaphy (văs-OR-ă-fē)
suturing of a vessel

49
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

bacteriemia (băk-tĕr-Ē-mē-ă)
condition of bacteria in the blood

50
Q

immun/o

A

immune

immunopathology (ĭm-ū-nō-pă-THOL-ō-jē)
study of immune disease

51
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

lymphoma (lĭm-FŌ-mă)
lymph tumor

52
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland

lymphadenocele (lĭm-FĂD-ĕ-nō-sēl)
hernia of a lymphatic vessel

53
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessel

lymphangiectasis (lĭm-făn-jē-ĔK-tă-sĭs)
dilation of a lymphatic vessel

54
Q

lymphocyt/o

A

lymph cell

lymphocytosis (lĭm-fō-sī-TŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of lymph cells

55
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

myeloma (mī-ĕ-LŌ-mă)
tumor of the bone marrow

56
Q

path/o

A

disease

pathophobia (păth-ō-FŌ-bē-ă)
fear of disease

57
Q

ser/o

A

serum

serous (SĒR-ŭs)
pertaining to serum

58
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

splenomegaly (splĕ-nō-MĔG-ă-lē)
enlargement of the spleen

59
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

thymocyte (THĪ-mō-sīt)
thymus cell

60
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

tonsillitis (tŏn-sĭl-Ī-tĭs)
inflammation of the tonsil

61
Q

tox/o

A

poison, toxin

toxoid (TŎKS-oyd)
resembling poison

62
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

toxicogenic (tŏks-ĭ-kō-JĔN-ĭk)
creating poison

63
Q

AB, Ab

A

antibody

64
Q

AG, Ag

A

antigen

65
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

66
Q

CA

A

cancer or carcinoma

67
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

68
Q

EIA

A

enzyme immunosorbent assay

69
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

70
Q

GVHD

A

Graft-Versus-Host-Disease

71
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

72
Q

Ig

A

immunoglobulin

73
Q

KS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

74
Q

MET, met

A

metastasis, metastasize

75
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia

76
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

77
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

late-stage infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which progressively weakens the immune system

78
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life-threatening systemic allergic reaction to a substance to which the body was previously sensitized

79
Q

ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

A

inflammatory response that causes degenerative changes in the spinal vertebrae; sacroiliac joints; connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments in the hips, shoulders, knees, feet, and ribs; and tissues of the lungs, eyes, and heart valves

80
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

group of disorders caused when the immune system misidentifies red blood cells (RBCs) as foreign and creates autoantibodies that attack them

81
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

complex chronic disorder marked by severe fatigue unrelieved by rest, often worsened by mental or physical activity; sometimes called chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS)

82
Q

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC)

A

group of disorders in which persistent or recurrent Candida fungal infections develop on the skin, nails, or mucous membranes

83
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

A

acute infection that causes sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes; also called mononucleosis or gammaherpesviral mononucleosis

84
Q

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A

complication of bone-marrow transplantation in which lymphoid cells from donated tissue attack the recipient and cause damage to skin, liver, GI tract, and other tissues

85
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

type of lymphatic cancer; also called Hodgkin lymphoma

86
Q

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

disorder in which a deficiency of platelets results in abnormal blood clotting, marked by tiny purple bruises (purpura) that form under the skin

87
Q

lymphosarcoma

A

cancer of lymphatic tissue not related to Hodgkin disease

88
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

group of more than 30 types of malignancies of B and T lymphocytes: also called lymphoma or malignant lymphoma

89
Q

pernicious anemia

A

chronic form of megaloblastic anemia (producing many large, immature, dysfunctional RBCs), caused by a deficit in the absorption of vitamin B12 that reduces the body’s ability to produce sufficient numbers of healthy RBCs

90
Q

phagocytosis

A

process in which specialized white blood cells (phagocytes) engulf and destroy microorganisms, foreign antigens, and cell debris

91
Q

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

A

a type of pneumonia associated with AIDS

92
Q

polymyositis (PM)

A

disorder that causes the slow onset of muscle weakness and pain in the muscles of the trunk and progresses to affect muscles of the neck, shoulders, back, hip, and possibly hands and fingers

93
Q

scleroderma

A

group of chronic autoimmune diseases that cause inflammatory and fibrotic changes to skin, muscles, joints, tendons, cartilage, and other connective tissues

94
Q

Sjögren syndrome (SS)

A

autoimmune disorder that causes dysfunction of the salivary glands in the mouth and the lacrimal glands in the eyes and affects other areas of the body; also known as Sicca syndrome

95
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and degeneration of various connective tissues and organs in the body, such as the skin, lungs, heart, joints, kidneys, blood, or nervous system

96
Q

transfusion incompatibility reaction

A

reaction of antibodies present in transfused blood to RBCs in the recipient’s blood or of antibodies in the recipient’s blood to RBCs in the transfused blood

97
Q

transplant rejection

A

identification of transplanted tissue as foreign by the recipient’s immune system, which responds by attacking the tissue

98
Q

Patch test

A

allergy test in which paper or gauze saturated with an allergen is applied to the skin beneath an occlusive dressing and the response is noted

99
Q

Scratch test

A

allergy test in which an allergen is placed on a scratched area of the skin and the response is noted

100
Q

CD-4 lymphocyte count:

A

Measurement of the number of specialized WBCs sometimes called helper T cells; used to identify whether a person’s HIV infection is worsening

While an individual’s HIV worsens, CD-4 count drops and viral load climbs.

101
Q

Enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA)

A

Rapid enzyme immunochemical method for identifying the presence of antigens, antibodies, or other substances in the blood; used as a primary diagnostic test for many infectious diseases including syphilis and HIV; formerly called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

102
Q

Viral load

A

Measurement of the number of copies of the HIV in the blood; used to monitor progression of HIV infection and AIDS

While an individual’s HIV worsens, CD-4 count drops and viral load climbs.

103
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, sed rate)

A

Test used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases that cause acute or chronic inflammation; measures the rate at which RBCs settle in plasma or saline over a specific period

104
Q

Monospot (heterophile)

A

Quick test used to screen for the presence of the heterophile antibody that is present in individuals with Epstein-Barr virus infection

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