Chapter 4: Integumentary System Flashcards
PREFIX
a-
an-
without, not, absence of
PREFIX
Dys-
bad, painful, difficult
PREFIX
Epi-
above, upon
PREFIX
eso-
inward
PREFIX
eu-
good, normal
PREFIX
hyper-
excessive, above
PREFIX
Hypo-
below, beneath
PREFIX
neo-
new
PREFIX
sub-
below, beneath
PREFIX
Supra-
excessive, above
SUFFIX
-cyte
-cytic
cell
SUFFIX
-derma
skin
SUFFIX
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
SUFFIX
-gram
record
SUFFIX
-ia
-ism
condition
SUFFIX
-ial
-ic
-ical
pertaining to
SUFFIX
-logist
-ologist
specialist in the study of
SUFFIX
-malacia
softening
SUFFIX
-oid
resembling
SUFFIX
-oma
tumor
SUFFIX
-ory
-ous
pertaining to
SUFFIX
-osis
abnormal condition
SUFFIX
-pathy
disease
SUFFIX
-plasty
surgical repair
SUFFIX
-rrhea
flow, discharge
SUFFIX
-therapy
treatment
SUFFIX
-tic
-tous
pertaining to
SUFFIX
-tomy
cutting into, incision
How many layers of skin?
three layers
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer
EPIDERMIS
thin outer layer that is constructed mostly of nonliving, keratinized (hardened) cells
waterproof and provides protection for the deeper layers
where is epidermis thickest?
on palms of the hands and soles of the feet
What is the basement membrane
base of epidermis where new, living epidermal cells are produced.
these cells are pushed upward as even new cells form beneath them. Eventually they rise to the top, away from blood vessels and nerve endings, and die, thus becoming keratinized tissue. Therefore, cells on the top layer of skin can be scraped away without causing pain.
DERMIS
lies just beneath the epidermis and is much thicker.
made of fibrous connective tissue containing elastin, which provides elasticity
and collagen, which provides strenght.
contains good blood supply and numerous other structures including hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory receptors.
Elastin
provides elasticity
Collagen
provides strength
Subcutaneous layer
fat tissue, deeper blood vessels, nerves, the lower part of hair follicles, elastin, and collagen.
provides insulation for deeper structures
Sudoriferous glands
Sweat glands
located throughout the body but are more concentrated in some areas, such as the soles of the feet and palms of hte hands
Sebaceous glands
Oil glands
found at base of hair follicles all over the body, they secrete an oily substance called sebum
Skin’s (and its accessory structures) important functions
Major Functions
protection and temperature regulation
protects from bacteria and other microorganisms, harmful ultraviolet light from the rays of the sun, extreme temperatures.
keeps out pathogens
Sebum discourages bacterial growth, lubricates skin to keep it soft and supple
Laceration
a cut or tear in the flesh
Abrasion
an area where skin or mucous membranes are scraped away
Edema
swelling
Erythema
redness
Leukocytes
white blood cells
Melanocytes
pigment-producing cells
produces melanin
Pressure Ulcers also known as
decubitus ulcers and bedsores
Stage I ulceration with intact skin
Stage IV ulcer which muscle, tendon, or bone is visible in the wound
What happens to the blood in your skin when it is cold?
hands and fingers become pale in color, because the blood vessels near your skin’s surface constrict to give off less heat and conserve it for deeper organs
What happens to the blood in your skin when it is hot?
blood vessels dilate (expand) in order to give off more heat. your sweat glands secrete moisture, which evaporates on your skins surface and provides more cooling
Cutaneous receptors
sensory receptors in epidermis and dermis of the skin
mechanoreceptors
sense light touch and pressure
nociceptors
sense pain
thermoreceptors
sense temperature
hair shaft
The part of the hair that you can see
hair follicle
The part buried in the skincontains the root
nailbed
As nails grow in a flattened shape, they slide very slowly over a layer of epithelial tissue called the nailbed
lunula
The area at the base of the nail, sometimes called the half-moon. This is where new growth occurs.
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
adip/o
Meaning: fat
Ex: adipoid (Ă-dĭ-poyd)- resembling fat
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
lip/o
Meaning: Fat
Ex. lipoma (lĭ-PŌ-mă) - tumor of the fat
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
cutane/o
Meaning: skin
ex. cutaneous (kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs) - pertaining to the skin
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
derm/o
skin
dermoplasty (DĔR-mō-plăs-tē): surgical repair of the skin
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
dermat/o
skin
dermatologist (dĕr-mă-TŎ-lō-jĭst)
specialist in the study of the skin
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
cyt/o
cell
cytology (sī-TŎ-lō-jē)
study of cells
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
eti/o
cause
etiology (ē-tē-Ŏ-lō-jē)
study of causes
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
hidr/o
sweat
hidrosis (hī-DRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of sweat
hydro = water, hidro = water with an i equals sweat
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
hydr/o
water
hydrotherapy (hī-drō-THĔR-ă-pē)
water therapy
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
idi/o
unknown, peculiar
idiopathic (ĭd-ē-ō-PĂTH-ĭk)
pertaining to an unknown disease
TIP: idio = idiot = unknown sure
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
kerat/o
keratinized tissue, cornea
keratotomy (kĕr-ă-TŎ-tō-mē)
cutting into or incision of the cornea
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
morph/o
shape
morphology (mōr-FŎ-lō-jē)
study of shapes
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
myc/o
fungus
mycosis (mī-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of fungus
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
necr/o
dead
necrosis (nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of dead (tissue)
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
onych/o
nail
onychomalacia (ŏn-ĭ-kō-mă-LĀ-sē-ă)
softening of the nail
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
path/o
disease
pathologist (pă-THŎ-lō-jĭst)
specialist in the study of disease
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
pil/o
hair
depilous (DĔP-ĭl-ŭs)
absence of hair
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
trich/o
hair
trichopathy (trĭk-ŎP-ă-thē)
disease of the hair
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
rhytid/o
wrinkle
rhytidectomy (rĭt-ĭ-DĔK-tō-mē)
surgical removal of wrinkles
TIP
rhytid = wrinkle
beginning sounds same
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
scler/o
hardening, sclera
sclerosis (sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of hardening
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
seb/o
sebum
seborrhea (sĕ-bō-RĒ-ă)
flow or discharge of sebum
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
son/o
sound
sonogram (SŎ-nō-grăm)
record of sound
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
xer/o
dry
xeroderma (zēr-ō-DĔR-mă)
dry skin
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
albin/o
white
albinism (ĂL-bĭ-nĭ-zum)
condition of whiteness
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
leuk/o
white
leukorrhea (loo-kō-RĒ-ă)
white flow or discharge
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
chromat/o
color
chromatic (krō-MĂ-tĭk)
pertaining to color
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
cirrh/o
yellow
cirrhosis (sĭ-RŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of yellowness
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
xanth/o
yellow
xanthoderma (zăn-thō-DĔR-mă)
yellow skin
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
cyan/o
blue
cyanosis (sī-ă-NŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of blueness
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
erythem/o
red
erythematous (ĕr-ĭ-THĒM-ăt-us)
pertaining to redness
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
erythr/o
red
erythrocyte (ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt)
red (blood) cell
COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR
melan/o
black
melanoma (mĕ-lă-NŌ-mă)
black tumor
ABBREVIATIONS
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
ABBREVIATIONS
Bx, bx
biopsy
ABBREVIATIONS
C&S
culture and sensitivity
ABBREVIATIONS
decub
decubitus ulcer; also called pressure ulcer (bedsore)
ABBREVIATIONS
derm
dermatology
ABBREVIATIONS
FH
family history
ABBREVIATIONS
Hx
history
ABBREVIATIONS
I&D
incision and drainage
ABBREVIATIONS
ID
intradermal (injection))
ABBREVIATIONS
IP
icepack
ABBREVIATIONS
MHP
moist hot pack
ABBREVIATIONS
IV
intravenous
ABBREVIATIONS
MM
malignant melanoma
ABBREVIATIONS
OTC
over-the-counter
ABBREVIATIONS
PE
physical examination
ABBREVIATIONS
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
ABBREVIATIONS
STM
soft tissue mobilization; also called massage
ABBREVIATIONS
SubQ, Sub-Q
subcutaneous
ABBREVIATIONS
Sx
symptoms
ABBREVIATIONS
Tx
treatment
ABBREVIATIONS
ung
ointment
acne (ăK-nē)
disease of the sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas
actinic keratosis (ăk-TĬ-nĭk kĕr-a-TŌ-sĭs)
precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis
alopecia (ă-lō-PĒ-shē-ă)
autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair
alopecia areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp
alopecia totalis causes total scalp hair loss
alopecia universalis causes total body hair loss
basal cell carcinoma (BĀ-săl sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)
BCC
common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed
B = Blanco = white border
bulla (BŬ-lă)
large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid
burn (bŭrn)
type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources; classified according to severity as first-degree (superficial), second-degree (partial-thickness), and third-degree (full-thickness)
First Degree Burn: epidermis damage
Second Degree Burn: dermis damage
Third Degree Burn: subcutaneous damage
callus (KĂ-lŭs)
thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction
carbuncle (KĂR-bŭng-kul)
very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles
furuncles = boils, painful pus-filled bump
cellulitis (sĕl-ū-LĪ-tĭs)
potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever
comedo (KŎ-mē-dō)
blackhead
corn (kōrn)
small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard corns typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes; soft corns usually develop between toes
cyst (sĭst)
fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin
decubitus ulcer (dē-KŪ-bĭ-tŭs ŬL-sĕr)
area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called pressure ulcer or bedsore
ecchymosis, contusion (ĕ-kĭ-MŌ-sĭs, kŏn-TOO-zhŭn)
discoloration of the skin, bruise
eczema (ĔK-zĕ-mă)
inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters
epidermoid cyst (ĕ-pĭ-DĔR-moyd sĭst)
small sac or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance; appears pale white or yellow but can be darker in dark-skinned people
fissure (FĬSH-ūr)
small, cracklike break in the skin
folliculitis (fō-lĭ-kū-LĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching; common on the neck, armpit, and groin area
frostbite (FRŎST-bĭt)
injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze
furuncle (FŪR-ŭng-kul)
ddddddddinfection of a hair follicle and nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland
impetigo (ĭm-pĕ-TĪ-gō)
bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children
TIP
impetuous = kids = impetigo = common in children
incision (ĭn-SĬ-zhŭn)
surgical cut in the flesh
laceration (lăs-e-RĀ-shŭn)
cut or tear in the flesh
Lyme disease (līm dĭ-ZĒZ)
bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands and enlarges; untreated disease causes multisystem symptoms
macule (MĂ-kūl)
flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle
malignant melanoma (mă-LĬG-nănt mĕ-lă-NŌ-mă)
aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various-colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter
melasma (mĕ-LĂZ-mă)
development of irregular areas of darker-pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy
papule (PĂP-ūl)
small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole
paronychia (păr-ō-NĬK-ē-ă)
acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, pus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened
pediculosis (pĕ-dĭk-ū-LŌ-sĭs)
infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts
petechiae (pĕ-TĒ-kē-ē)
tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots (singular petechia)
psoriasis (sō-RĪ-ă-sĭs)
chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery-white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath
puncture (PŬNGK-chūr)
hole or wound made by a sharp, pointed instrument
pustule (PŬS-tūl)
small, pus-filled blister
rosacea (rō-ZĀ-sē-ă)
chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest
scabies (SKĀ-bēz)
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds at the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, in the groin, and under the beltline
scales (skālz)
area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky
sebaceous cyst (sē-BĀ-shŭs sĭst)
small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semisolid oily substance called sebum
seborrheic keratosis (sĕ-bō-RĒ-ĭk kĕr-ă-TŌ-sĭs)
benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin growths of various colors with a warty, waxy, “stuck-on” appearance
squamous cell carcinoma (SKWĀ-mŭs sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)
type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or a scaly appearance; may ulcerate
tinea (TĬ-nē-ă)
fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also called dermatophytosis or ringworm; forms include tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (trunk), tinea cruris (genital area; also called jock itch), tinea nodosa (mustache and beard), tinea pedis (feet; also called athlete’s foot), and tinea unguium (nails)
ulcer (ŬL-sĕr)
lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues
vesicle (VĔS-ĭ-kul)
clear, fluid-filled blister
vitiligo (vĭt-ĭl-Ī-gō)
chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks
wart (wōrt)
small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV); appearance varies from tiny to moderate-sized bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths
wheal (hwēl)
rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery and accompanied by itching
Biopsy
Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination
Dermabrasion
Cosmetic enhancement procedure
Removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a wire brush or burr impregnated with diamond particles, leaving a smoother surface
Dermaplaning
Cosmetic enhancement procedure
Removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a dermatome (a device resembling an electric razor), leaving a smoother surface
Microdermabrasion
Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure
Like dermabrasion but less invasive, involving multiple treatments of gentle abrasion; useful in reducing fine lines, nevi (moles), age spots, and acne scars
Chemical peel
Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure
Application of a chemical solution to the skin to improve appearance by removing blemishes, fine wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, scars, and tattoos
Laser resurfacing
Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure
Use of short pulses of light to remove fine lines and damaged skin and to minimize scars and even out areas of uneven pigmentation; sometimes called a laser peel
Botox (botulinum toxin)
Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure
An injection into selected muscles of the face that interferes with muscle contraction, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles
