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PT100 Study > Chapter 4: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

PREFIX
a-
an-

A

without, not, absence of

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2
Q

PREFIX
Dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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3
Q

PREFIX
Epi-

A

above, upon

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4
Q

PREFIX
eso-

A

inward

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5
Q

PREFIX
eu-

A

good, normal

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6
Q

PREFIX
hyper-

A

excessive, above

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7
Q

PREFIX
Hypo-

A

below, beneath

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8
Q

PREFIX
neo-

A

new

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9
Q

PREFIX
sub-

A

below, beneath

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10
Q

PREFIX
Supra-

A

excessive, above

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11
Q

SUFFIX
-cyte
-cytic

A

cell

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12
Q

SUFFIX
-derma

A

skin

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13
Q

SUFFIX
-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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14
Q

SUFFIX
-gram

A

record

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15
Q

SUFFIX
-ia
-ism

A

condition

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16
Q

SUFFIX
-ial
-ic
-ical

A

pertaining to

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17
Q

SUFFIX
-logist
-ologist

A

specialist in the study of

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18
Q

SUFFIX
-malacia

A

softening

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19
Q

SUFFIX
-oid

A

resembling

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20
Q

SUFFIX
-oma

A

tumor

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21
Q

SUFFIX
-ory
-ous

A

pertaining to

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22
Q

SUFFIX
-osis

A

abnormal condition

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23
Q

SUFFIX
-pathy

A

disease

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24
Q

SUFFIX
-plasty

A

surgical repair

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25
Q

SUFFIX
-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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26
Q

SUFFIX
-therapy

A

treatment

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27
Q

SUFFIX
-tic
-tous

A

pertaining to

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28
Q

SUFFIX
-tomy

A

cutting into, incision

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29
Q

How many layers of skin?

A

three layers
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer

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30
Q

EPIDERMIS

A

thin outer layer that is constructed mostly of nonliving, keratinized (hardened) cells
waterproof and provides protection for the deeper layers

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31
Q

where is epidermis thickest?

A

on palms of the hands and soles of the feet

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32
Q

What is the basement membrane

A

base of epidermis where new, living epidermal cells are produced.

these cells are pushed upward as even new cells form beneath them. Eventually they rise to the top, away from blood vessels and nerve endings, and die, thus becoming keratinized tissue. Therefore, cells on the top layer of skin can be scraped away without causing pain.

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33
Q

DERMIS

A

lies just beneath the epidermis and is much thicker.
made of fibrous connective tissue containing elastin, which provides elasticity
and collagen, which provides strenght.
contains good blood supply and numerous other structures including hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory receptors.

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34
Q

Elastin

A

provides elasticity

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35
Q

Collagen

A

provides strength

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36
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

fat tissue, deeper blood vessels, nerves, the lower part of hair follicles, elastin, and collagen.
provides insulation for deeper structures

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37
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands

located throughout the body but are more concentrated in some areas, such as the soles of the feet and palms of hte hands

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38
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands

found at base of hair follicles all over the body, they secrete an oily substance called sebum

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39
Q

Skin’s (and its accessory structures) important functions

A

Major Functions
protection and temperature regulation

protects from bacteria and other microorganisms, harmful ultraviolet light from the rays of the sun, extreme temperatures.

keeps out pathogens

Sebum discourages bacterial growth, lubricates skin to keep it soft and supple

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40
Q

Laceration

A

a cut or tear in the flesh

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41
Q

Abrasion

A

an area where skin or mucous membranes are scraped away

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42
Q

Edema

A

swelling

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43
Q

Erythema

A

redness

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44
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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45
Q

Melanocytes

A

pigment-producing cells
produces melanin

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46
Q

Pressure Ulcers also known as

A

decubitus ulcers and bedsores

Stage I ulceration with intact skin

Stage IV ulcer which muscle, tendon, or bone is visible in the wound

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47
Q

What happens to the blood in your skin when it is cold?

A

hands and fingers become pale in color, because the blood vessels near your skin’s surface constrict to give off less heat and conserve it for deeper organs

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48
Q

What happens to the blood in your skin when it is hot?

A

blood vessels dilate (expand) in order to give off more heat. your sweat glands secrete moisture, which evaporates on your skins surface and provides more cooling

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49
Q

Cutaneous receptors

A

sensory receptors in epidermis and dermis of the skin

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50
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

sense light touch and pressure

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51
Q

nociceptors

A

sense pain

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52
Q

thermoreceptors

A

sense temperature

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53
Q

hair shaft

A

The part of the hair that you can see

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54
Q

hair follicle

A

The part buried in the skincontains the root

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55
Q

nailbed

A

As nails grow in a flattened shape, they slide very slowly over a layer of epithelial tissue called the nailbed

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56
Q

lunula

A

The area at the base of the nail, sometimes called the half-moon. This is where new growth occurs.

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57
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

adip/o

A

Meaning: fat

Ex: adipoid (Ă-dĭ-poyd)- resembling fat

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58
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

lip/o

A

Meaning: Fat

Ex. lipoma (lĭ-PŌ-mă) - tumor of the fat

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59
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

cutane/o

A

Meaning: skin

ex. cutaneous (kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs) - pertaining to the skin

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60
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

derm/o

A

skin

dermoplasty (DĔR-mō-plăs-tē): surgical repair of the skin

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61
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

dermat/o

A

skin

dermatologist (dĕr-mă-TŎ-lō-jĭst)
specialist in the study of the skin

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62
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

cyt/o

A

cell

cytology (sī-TŎ-lō-jē)
study of cells

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63
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

eti/o

A

cause

etiology (ē-tē-Ŏ-lō-jē)
study of causes

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64
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

hidr/o

A

sweat

hidrosis (hī-DRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of sweat

hydro = water, hidro = water with an i equals sweat

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65
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

hydr/o

A

water

hydrotherapy (hī-drō-THĔR-ă-pē)
water therapy

66
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

idi/o

A

unknown, peculiar

idiopathic (ĭd-ē-ō-PĂTH-ĭk)
pertaining to an unknown disease

TIP: idio = idiot = unknown sure

67
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

kerat/o

A

keratinized tissue, cornea

keratotomy (kĕr-ă-TŎ-tō-mē)
cutting into or incision of the cornea

68
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

morph/o

A

shape

morphology (mōr-FŎ-lō-jē)
study of shapes

69
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

myc/o

A

fungus

mycosis (mī-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of fungus

70
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

necr/o

A

dead

necrosis (nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of dead (tissue)

71
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

onych/o

A

nail

onychomalacia (ŏn-ĭ-kō-mă-LĀ-sē-ă)
softening of the nail

72
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

path/o

A

disease

pathologist (pă-THŎ-lō-jĭst)
specialist in the study of disease

73
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

pil/o

A

hair

depilous (DĔP-ĭl-ŭs)
absence of hair

74
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

trich/o

A

hair

trichopathy (trĭk-ŎP-ă-thē)
disease of the hair

75
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

rhytidectomy (rĭt-ĭ-DĔK-tō-mē)
surgical removal of wrinkles

TIP
rhytid = wrinkle
beginning sounds same

76
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

scler/o

A

hardening, sclera

sclerosis (sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of hardening

77
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

seb/o

A

sebum

seborrhea (sĕ-bō-RĒ-ă)
flow or discharge of sebum

78
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

son/o

A

sound

sonogram (SŎ-nō-grăm)
record of sound

79
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

xer/o

A

dry

xeroderma (zēr-ō-DĔR-mă)
dry skin

80
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

albin/o

A

white

albinism (ĂL-bĭ-nĭ-zum)
condition of whiteness

81
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

leuk/o

A

white

leukorrhea (loo-kō-RĒ-ă)
white flow or discharge

82
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

chromat/o

A

color

chromatic (krō-MĂ-tĭk)
pertaining to color

83
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

cirrh/o

A

yellow

cirrhosis (sĭ-RŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of yellowness

84
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

xanth/o

A

yellow

xanthoderma (zăn-thō-DĔR-mă)
yellow skin

85
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

cyan/o

A

blue

cyanosis (sī-ă-NŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of blueness

86
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

erythem/o

A

red

erythematous (ĕr-ĭ-THĒM-ăt-us)
pertaining to redness

87
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

erythr/o

A

red

erythrocyte (ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt)
red (blood) cell

88
Q

COMBINING FORMS RELATED TO COLOR

melan/o

A

black

melanoma (mĕ-lă-NŌ-mă)
black tumor

89
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

90
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

Bx, bx

A

biopsy

91
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

92
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

decub

A

decubitus ulcer; also called pressure ulcer (bedsore)

93
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

derm

A

dermatology

94
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

FH

A

family history

95
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

Hx

A

history

96
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

I&D

A

incision and drainage

97
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

ID

A

intradermal (injection))

98
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

IP

A

icepack

99
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

MHP

A

moist hot pack

100
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

IV

A

intravenous

101
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

MM

A

malignant melanoma

102
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

OTC

A

over-the-counter

103
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

PE

A

physical examination

104
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

SCC

A

squamous cell carcinoma

105
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

STM

A

soft tissue mobilization; also called massage

106
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

SubQ, Sub-Q

A

subcutaneous

107
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

Sx

A

symptoms

108
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

Tx

A

treatment

109
Q

ABBREVIATIONS

ung

A

ointment

110
Q

acne (ăK-nē)

A

disease of the sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas

111
Q

actinic keratosis (ăk-TĬ-nĭk kĕr-a-TŌ-sĭs)

A

precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis

112
Q

alopecia (ă-lō-PĒ-shē-ă)

A

autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair

alopecia areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp

alopecia totalis causes total scalp hair loss

alopecia universalis causes total body hair loss

113
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BĀ-săl sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)

BCC

A

common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed

B = Blanco = white border

114
Q

bulla (BŬ-lă)

A

large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid

115
Q

burn (bŭrn)

A

type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources; classified according to severity as first-degree (superficial), second-degree (partial-thickness), and third-degree (full-thickness)

First Degree Burn: epidermis damage
Second Degree Burn: dermis damage
Third Degree Burn: subcutaneous damage

116
Q

callus (KĂ-lŭs)

A

thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction

117
Q

carbuncle (KĂR-bŭng-kul)

A

very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles

furuncles = boils, painful pus-filled bump

118
Q

cellulitis (sĕl-ū-LĪ-tĭs)

A

potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever

119
Q

comedo (KŎ-mē-dō)

A

blackhead

120
Q

corn (kōrn)

A

small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard corns typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes; soft corns usually develop between toes

121
Q

cyst (sĭst)

A

fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin

122
Q

decubitus ulcer (dē-KŪ-bĭ-tŭs ŬL-sĕr)

A

area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called pressure ulcer or bedsore

123
Q

ecchymosis, contusion (ĕ-kĭ-MŌ-sĭs, kŏn-TOO-zhŭn)

A

discoloration of the skin, bruise

124
Q

eczema (ĔK-zĕ-mă)

A

inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters

125
Q

epidermoid cyst (ĕ-pĭ-DĔR-moyd sĭst)

A

small sac or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance; appears pale white or yellow but can be darker in dark-skinned people

126
Q

fissure (FĬSH-ūr)

A

small, cracklike break in the skin

127
Q

folliculitis (fō-lĭ-kū-LĪ-tĭs)

A

inflammation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching; common on the neck, armpit, and groin area

128
Q

frostbite (FRŎST-bĭt)

A

injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze

129
Q

furuncle (FŪR-ŭng-kul)

A

ddddddddinfection of a hair follicle and nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland

130
Q

impetigo (ĭm-pĕ-TĪ-gō)

A

bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children

TIP
impetuous = kids = impetigo = common in children

131
Q

incision (ĭn-SĬ-zhŭn)

A

surgical cut in the flesh

132
Q

laceration (lăs-e-RĀ-shŭn)

A

cut or tear in the flesh

133
Q

Lyme disease (līm dĭ-ZĒZ)

A

bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands and enlarges; untreated disease causes multisystem symptoms

134
Q

macule (MĂ-kūl)

A

flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle

135
Q

malignant melanoma (mă-LĬG-nănt mĕ-lă-NŌ-mă)

A

aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various-colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter

136
Q

melasma (mĕ-LĂZ-mă)

A

development of irregular areas of darker-pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy

137
Q

papule (PĂP-ūl)

A

small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole

138
Q

paronychia (păr-ō-NĬK-ē-ă)

A

acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, pus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened

139
Q

pediculosis (pĕ-dĭk-ū-LŌ-sĭs)

A

infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts

140
Q

petechiae (pĕ-TĒ-kē-ē)

A

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots (singular petechia)

141
Q

psoriasis (sō-RĪ-ă-sĭs)

A

chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery-white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath

142
Q

puncture (PŬNGK-chūr)

A

hole or wound made by a sharp, pointed instrument

143
Q

pustule (PŬS-tūl)

A

small, pus-filled blister

144
Q

rosacea (rō-ZĀ-sē-ă)

A

chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest

145
Q

scabies (SKĀ-bēz)

A

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds at the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, in the groin, and under the beltline

146
Q

scales (skālz)

A

area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky

147
Q

sebaceous cyst (sē-BĀ-shŭs sĭst)

A

small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semisolid oily substance called sebum

148
Q

seborrheic keratosis (sĕ-bō-RĒ-ĭk kĕr-ă-TŌ-sĭs)

A

benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin growths of various colors with a warty, waxy, “stuck-on” appearance

149
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (SKWĀ-mŭs sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)

A

type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or a scaly appearance; may ulcerate

150
Q

tinea (TĬ-nē-ă)

A

fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also called dermatophytosis or ringworm; forms include tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (trunk), tinea cruris (genital area; also called jock itch), tinea nodosa (mustache and beard), tinea pedis (feet; also called athlete’s foot), and tinea unguium (nails)

151
Q

ulcer (ŬL-sĕr)

A

lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues

152
Q

vesicle (VĔS-ĭ-kul)

A

clear, fluid-filled blister

153
Q

vitiligo (vĭt-ĭl-Ī-gō)

A

chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks

154
Q

wart (wōrt)

A

small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV); appearance varies from tiny to moderate-sized bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths

155
Q

wheal (hwēl)

A

rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery and accompanied by itching

156
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination

157
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Cosmetic enhancement procedure

Removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a wire brush or burr impregnated with diamond particles, leaving a smoother surface

158
Q

Dermaplaning

A

Cosmetic enhancement procedure

Removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a dermatome (a device resembling an electric razor), leaving a smoother surface

159
Q

Microdermabrasion

A

Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure

Like dermabrasion but less invasive, involving multiple treatments of gentle abrasion; useful in reducing fine lines, nevi (moles), age spots, and acne scars

160
Q

Chemical peel

A

Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure

Application of a chemical solution to the skin to improve appearance by removing blemishes, fine wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, scars, and tattoos

161
Q

Laser resurfacing

A

Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure

Use of short pulses of light to remove fine lines and damaged skin and to minimize scars and even out areas of uneven pigmentation; sometimes called a laser peel

162
Q

Botox (botulinum toxin)

A

Cosmetic Enhancement Procedure

An injection into selected muscles of the face that interferes with muscle contraction, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles

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