Chapter 10: Urinary System Review and Biology Flashcards

Question

-uria

Answer 1

consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. main functions are to filter and excrete waste products from the body, help regulate blood pressure, and maintain an optimal level of fluid and electrolytes within the body

Answer 2

key organs of urinary system Filters blood for the elimination of wastes and excess fluid and to regulate electrolytes (the ions in bodily fluids) also play an active role in maintaining blood pressure and blood pH *** extra info highly vascular organs made up of an outer cortex and an inner medulla right kidney slightly lower than the left surrounded by a renal capsule made up of connective tissue and a thick layer of fat that provides protection by acting as a cushion and shock absorber.

Answer 3

back of the abdominal cavity where kidneys are

Answer 4

the ions in bodily fluids Major electrolytes: sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca)

Answer 5

microscopic structures located primarily within the outer cortex of the kidneys called the functional unit of the kidney because it is where most of the action takes place. *** extra info more than a million in each kidney composed of an arteriole, venule, Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus (capillary cluster within the Bowman’s capsule), proximal tubule, Henle’s loop, distal tubule, and capillary bed.

Answer 6

capillary cluster within the Bowman's capsule blood passes from a tiny arteriole into the glomerulus, where the walls of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule permit the filtration of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules

Answer 7

fluid created before passing through the proximal tubule, Henle's loop, and distal tubule approximately 180 liters each day

Answer 8

leftover waste excreted after all the water and useful solutes (99%) are reabsorbed kidneys produce and excrete an average of 1 to 2 liters of urine each day

Answer 9

the innermost part in the kidney there are several oval-shaped renal pyramids which point inward, and cupping each one is a calyx (plural calyces)

Answer 10

the area where all calyces join Where the renal pelvis narrows, it joins the uppermost part of the ureter. When urine is formed, it drains into the calyces, which funnel the urine inward through the renal pelvis and into the ureter, which in turn drains urine from the kidney downward to the urinary bladder.

Answer 11

Kidneys help maintain a healthy acid-base balance by retaining or excreting buffers and acids as needed. The pH level of human blood must remain slightly alkaline, within the very narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. Even minor fluctuations in this balance will result in illness or even death.

Answer 12

ranges from 0 to 14, measures acid-base level

Answer 13

long, narrow tubes that drain urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Answer 14

flexible, muscular container for urine; its lining is uniquely designed to stretch to accommodate varying amounts of fluid.

Answer 15

urge to urinate happens when urine accumulates in the bladder until the volume reaches a level that stimulates stretch receptors and initiates this reflex

Answer 16

a tube that functions as a passageway for final urine elimination and emptying of the bladder

Answer 17

kidney failure The most common causes of renal failure are high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.

Answer 18

process in which the blood is filtered through a special membrane in a dialysis machine to remove excess fluid and wastes

Answer 19

a dialysis where a person is not hooked up to a machine, but instead the patient's own peritoneal membrane (in the abdominal cavity) is used as a filter. Dialysis fluid enters the peritoneal cavity through a catheter in the abdomen then is drained and replaced a few hours later

Answer 20

*D*iuresis happens in the *D*aytime (usually) in response to *D*rugs. *En*uresis occurs “en” (in) bed while you sleep. *N*octuria *N*udges you from bed (wakes you) at *N*ight.