Chapter 13: Skeletal and Muscular Systems Pathology Terms Flashcards
adhesive capsulitis (ăd-HĒ-sĭv kăp-sū-LĪ-tĭs)
loss of range of motion in the shoulder; also called frozen shoulder
Anterior cruciate ligament tear (ăn-TĒR-ē-ōr KROO-shē-āt LĭG-ă-mĕnt tār)
injury to one of the stabilizing ligaments of the knee, which originates on the anterior portion of the femur
bursitis (bŭr-SĪ-tĭs)
condition of inflammation of the tiny fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions and provide lubrication to decrease friction and irritation between structures such as bones, tendons, muscles, and skin
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (KĂR-păl TŬN-ĕl SĬN-drōm)
compression of the median nerve, causing pain or numbness in the wrist, hand, and fingers
claw toe (klaw tō)
condition in which the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint flexes dorsally while the other joint or joints in the toe flex toward the sole
contracture (kŏn-TRĂK-chūr)
fibrosis of connective tissue which decreases the mobility of a joint
crepitation (krĕp-ĭ-TĀ-shŭn)
grating sound from broken bones, or a clicking or crackling sound from joints
dislocation (dĭs-lō-KĀ-shŭn)
displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position where it articulates with another bone
electromyography (EMG) (ē-LEK-trō-mī-og-ră-fē)
test used to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles; used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders
fibromyalgia (fī-brō-mī-ĂL-jē-ă)
chronic condition marked by pain in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and soft tissues of the body; also called fibromyositis, fibrositis and myofibrositis
fracture (FRĂK-chūr)
condition in which a bone is broken or cracked
ganglion cyst (GĂNG-glē-ŏn sĭst)
condition in which one or more small benign tumors filled with a thick, colorless, gelatinous substance develop over a joint or tendon, usually on the wrist or back of the hand; sometimes called a Bible cyst after the old-fashioned treatment of bashing it with the biggest book available.
gout (gowt)
hereditary form of arthritis, characterized by uric acid accumulation in the joints, especially in the great toe
hallux rigidus (HĂL-ŭks RĬJ-ĭ-dŭs)
condition in which degenerative arthritis affects the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe, causing pain and stiffness
hallux valgus (HĂL-ŭks VĂL-gŭs)
condition in which the big toe is improperly aligned, pointing laterally toward the second toe and creating a large bump on the inner edge of the foot at the base of the big toe; commonly called bunion
herniated disc (HĔR-nē-ā-tĕd dĭsk)
herniation of the soft center of an intervertebral disc
hammertoe (HĂM-ĕr-tō)
condition in which the toe is bent downward at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) (JŪ-vĕ-nīl ROO-mă-toyd ăr-THRĪ-tĭs)
disorder similar to adult-onset RA, with earlier onset and more-severe symptoms
kyphosis (kī-FŌ-sĭs)
abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic vertebrae, causing hunchback
lordosis (lor-DŌ-sĭs)
abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, causing swayback
mallet toe (MĂL-ĕt- tō)
condition in which the toe is bent downward at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
medial tibial syndrome (MĒ-dē-ăl TĬB-ē-ăl SĬN-drōm)
painful condition involving tiny tears in the muscles and tendons that attach to the anterior tibia (shin); commonly called shin splints
meniscal tear (mĕn-ĬS-kăl tār)
tear of one of the two C-shaped cartilage structures that serve to cushion and stabilize the knee joint, usually caused by a twisting force
muscular dystrophy (MD) (MŬS-kū-lăr DĬS-trō-fē)
hereditary, progressive terminal disease that causes muscle atrophy and death, usually by age 20
myasthenia gravis (mī-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă GRĂV-ĭs)
autoimmune motor disorder that causes progressive muscle fatigue and weakness
osteitis deformans (äs-tē-ĪT-ŭs dē-FŌRM-ănz)
chronic condition in which the process of bone destruction and regrowth occurs abnormally, causing weak, fragile, enlarged, and misshapen bones; also called Paget’s disease
osteoarthritis (ŏs-tē-ō-ăr-THRĪ-tĭs)
condition of cartilage deterioration and joint inflammation marked by pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM, most commonly affecting synovial weight-bearing joints and vertebrae; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)
osteomalacia (ŏs-tē-ō-măl-Ā-shē-ă)
condition of softening and weakening of the bones; when it occurs in children, it is called rickets
osteomyelitis (ŏs-tē-ō-mī-ĕl-Ī-tĭs)
acute or chronic infection within the bone, most commonly affecting the legs, arms, pelvis, and spine
osteoporosis (ŏs-tē-ō-pōr-Ō-sĭs)
condition characterized by loss of bone mass throughout the skeleton
pathological fracture (păth-ō-LŎJ-ĭk-ăl FRĂK-chūr)
breaking of diseased, weakened bone from the stress of normal everyday activities
plantar fasciitis (PLĂN-tăr făs-ē-Ī-tĭs)
painful condition of the supporting structures of the arch of the foot, primarily the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that connects the heel with the toes
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ROO-mă-toyd ăr-THRĪ-tĭs)
autoimmune arthritis that causes progressive joint pain and deformity and may affect organ systems
rotator cuff tear (RŌ-tā-tōr kŭf tār)
traumatic rip of one or more of the muscles or tendons within the rotator cuff of the shoulder
scoliosis (sko-lē-Ō-sĭs)
abnormal S-shaped lateral curvature of the vertebrae
sprain (sprān)
complete or incomplete tear in the ligaments around a joint
sprain = ligaments
strain (strān)
trauma to a muscle, and sometimes a tendon, due to violent contraction or excessive forcible stretching
strain = muscles/tendon
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) (thō-RĂS-ĭk OWT-lĕt SĬN-drōm)
group of painful disorders involving compression of the nerves or vessels in the neck and arms
