Chapter 10: Urinary System Pathology Terms Flashcards
acute glomerulonephritis (ă-KYÜT glō-mĕr-Ū-lō-nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs)
type of nephritis (kidney infection) in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome
bacterial cystitis (bak-TIR-ē-ul sĭs-TĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a UTI, sometimes referred to as a bladder infection
chronic glomerulonephritis (KRÄN-ik glō-mer-Ū-lō-nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs)
condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis
diabetic nephropathy (dī-Ă-BĔT-ĭk nĕ-FRŎP-Ă-thē)
kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys
diuresis (dī-Ū-RĒ-sĭs)
abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (END-stāj RĒ-nĂl dĭ-ZĒZ)
final phase of kidney disease
enuresis (ĕn-Ū-RĒ-sĭs)
involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting
frequency (FRĒ-kwun-sē)
need to urinate more often than normal
glucosuria, glycosuria (gloo-kō-SŪ-rē-Ă, glī-kō-SŪ-rē-Ă)
sugar in the urine
hydronephrosis (hī-drō-nĕf-RŌ-sĭs)
condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy due to urine outflow obstruction
interstitial cystitis (ĭn-tĕr-STĬSH-ĂI sĭs-TĪ-tĭs)
chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology
interstitial nephritis (ĭn-tĕr-STĬSH-ĂI nĕf-RĪ-tĭs)
pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function
nephrotic syndrome (nĕ-FRŎT-ĭk SĬN-drōm)
uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots)
neurogenic bladder (nŪ-rō-JĔN-ĭk BLĂD-ĕr)
bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves
phimosis
narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) (pŏl-ē-SĬS-tĭk KĬD-nē dĭ-ZĒZ)
group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them
pyelonephritis (pī-ĕ-lō-nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs)
inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney
renal calculus (RĒ-nĂI KĂL-kŪ-lŭs)
small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidneys or a ureter; also called kidney stone
renal colic (RĒ-nĂl KÄL-ik)
severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter
renal failure (RĒ-nĂl FĀL-yĕr)
acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body
tubular necrosis (TŪ-bŪ-lĂr nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs)
renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules
uremia (Ū-RĒ-mē-Ă)
increased level of urea or other wastes in the blood
urgency (UR-jĭn-sē)
need to urinate immediately
urinary incontinence (UI) (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē ın-KŎNT-ĭn-ĕns)
involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze (stress incontinence), after failing to reach a toilet in time (functional incontinence), or directly following the strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence)
urinary retention (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē rĭ-TĔN-shŭn)
inability to urinate
urinary tract infection (UTI) (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē trĂkt ĭn-FĔK-shŭn
inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (VĔS-ĭ-kō-Ū-RĒ-tĕr-ăl RĒ-fluks)
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureter
Wilms’ tumor (vĭlmz TŪ-mor)
rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most commonly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma or malignant neoplasm of kidney
