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PT100 Study > Ch 12 Endocrine System Structure and Function Practice > Flashcards

Ch 12 Endocrine System Structure and Function Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for sexual maturation; plays a role in the metabolism of food and energy storage

A

Endocrine Glands

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2
Q

Produces T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system

A

Thymus Gland

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3
Q

Located on top of each kidney; secrete the hormones epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol and androgens

A

Adrenal Gland

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4
Q

The state of dynamic equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Sleep-wake cycle

A

Circadian Rhythm

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6
Q

Secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones oxytocin and ADH

A

Posterior Lobe

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8
Q

Work in pairs to maintain a healthy balance to keep the body’s internal environment healthy

A

Hormones

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9
Q

Secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

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10
Q

Produces the hormones triiodothyronine a thyroxine that are responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

A

Thyroid Gland

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11
Q

Low blood sugar

A

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Located in the brain, above and behind the thalamus; produces the hormone melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

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13
Q

Secrete the hormone testosterone

A

Testes

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14
Q

The ovaries and testes; sometimes called the gonads

A

Reproductive Glands

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15
Q

The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH

A

Anterior Lobe

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16
Q

High blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemia

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17
Q

Structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain; it controls all the other glands in the body

A

Pituitary Gland

18
Q

They secrete the hormone PTH, which helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.

A

Parathyroid Glands

19
Q

A pathology in which blood sugar levels may widely fluctuate

A

Diabetes Mellitus

20
Q

Each gland produces a hormone that serves to oppose another substance. The gland may increase or decrease production of the hormone to stimulate a corresponding decrease or increase of that substance.

A

Negative Feedback System

21
Q

Acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

A

Glucagon

22
Q

Acts on the uterus to promote contractions during labor and delivery

A

Oxytocin

23
Q

Responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

24
Q

Promotes the growth of body structures, such as bones

A

Growth Hormone

25
Q

Produces sperm, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, and increased muscle development in the male

A

Testosterone

26
Q

Influences the body’s natural circadian rhythm

A

Melatonin

27
Q

Acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

28
Q

Enables the body to respond to stressful situations by converting glycogen into glucose for quick energy

A

Epinephrine

29
Q

Affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

30
Q

Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

A

Calcitonin

31
Q

Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose and stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood

A

Insulin

32
Q

Acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

33
Q

Plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is important in the prevention of osteoporosis

A

Estrogen

34
Q

Act on the gonads to produce an ovum in the female and sperm in the male

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

35
Q

Works to decrease inflammation

A

Cortisol

36
Q

Plays a role in regulating and maintaining the body’s water, sodium, and electrolyte balance

A

Aldosterone

37
Q

Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in females and males

A

Androgens

38
Q

Necessary to prepare and maintain the uterus for a fertilized ovum

A

Progesterone

39
Q

Acts on the mammary glands to produce milk

A

Prolactin

40
Q

Also called parathyroid hormone; helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

A

Parathormone (PTH)

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