Ch 12 Endocrine System Structure and Function Practice Flashcards
Responsible for sexual maturation; plays a role in the metabolism of food and energy storage
Endocrine Glands
Produces T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system
Thymus Gland
Located on top of each kidney; secrete the hormones epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol and androgens
Adrenal Gland
The state of dynamic equilibrium
Homeostasis
Sleep-wake cycle
Circadian Rhythm
Secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels
Pancreas
The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones oxytocin and ADH
Posterior Lobe
Work in pairs to maintain a healthy balance to keep the body’s internal environment healthy
Hormones
Secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Ovaries
Produces the hormones triiodothyronine a thyroxine that are responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism
Thyroid Gland
Low blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
Located in the brain, above and behind the thalamus; produces the hormone melatonin
Pineal Gland
Secrete the hormone testosterone
Testes
The ovaries and testes; sometimes called the gonads
Reproductive Glands
The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH
Anterior Lobe
High blood sugar
Hyperglycemia
Structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain; it controls all the other glands in the body
Pituitary Gland
They secrete the hormone PTH, which helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.
Parathyroid Glands
A pathology in which blood sugar levels may widely fluctuate
Diabetes Mellitus
Each gland produces a hormone that serves to oppose another substance. The gland may increase or decrease production of the hormone to stimulate a corresponding decrease or increase of that substance.
Negative Feedback System
Acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
Glucagon
Acts on the uterus to promote contractions during labor and delivery
Oxytocin
Responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism
Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
Promotes the growth of body structures, such as bones
Growth Hormone
Produces sperm, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, and increased muscle development in the male
Testosterone
Influences the body’s natural circadian rhythm
Melatonin
Acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Enables the body to respond to stressful situations by converting glycogen into glucose for quick energy
Epinephrine
Affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood
Calcitonin
Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose and stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood
Insulin
Acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is important in the prevention of osteoporosis
Estrogen
Act on the gonads to produce an ovum in the female and sperm in the male
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Works to decrease inflammation
Cortisol
Plays a role in regulating and maintaining the body’s water, sodium, and electrolyte balance
Aldosterone
Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in females and males
Androgens
Necessary to prepare and maintain the uterus for a fertilized ovum
Progesterone
Acts on the mammary glands to produce milk
Prolactin
Also called parathyroid hormone; helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood
Parathormone (PTH)
