WH Ch 8.1-8.2 Flashcards
ruler of the Mediterranean basin in ancient times
Rome
The boot-shaped peninsula
Italy
The ancestors of the Romans
Itali
settled by the Tiber River in west-central Italy on the plain of Latium
latins
traditional date for the founding of Rome
753 B.C.
a common market or meeting place for latin settlements
forum
appeared in Italy about 800 B.C. and settled in Etruria, north of Latium
Etruscans
the upper-class “insiders” to Roman politics, religion, and society;
patricians
the lower-class “outsiders” to Roman political and cultural life.
plebeians
began colonizing the Mediterranean world extensively during the 700s B.C.
Greeks
was founded in 814 B.C. as a Phoenecian colony and trading post in North Africa
Carthage
wild Celtic barbarians from western Europe, were the last Indo-European people to enter Italy
gauls
piety, or a sense of duty
peitas
gravity, or seriousness of purpose
gravitas
dignity, or a sense of personal worth
dignitas
in Rome, a temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the empire
Pantheon
greeks slave to tutor roman boys
pedagogue
the king was advised in his decisions by an august body of 100 patrician elders known as the what
senate
which represented the 193 centuries, or military units of 100 men each, to which each Roman, patrician or plebeian, belonged as a citizen-soldier
Assembly of Centuries
in what year did the nobles of Rome led a revolt of both patricians and plebeians against the tyranny of the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud
509 B.C.
is a representative form of civil government in which political power is vested in the electorate
republic
patricians who were elected by the Assembly of Centuries and held office for one year with no right of succession
consuls
“I forbid” in government
veto
plebeian assembly
concilium plebis
represent the plebs.
tribune
set up in the Forum in 450 B.C., made Roman law accessible to all citizens for the first time
twelve tables
the Romans had conquered the Etruscans, subdued the Gauls, and seized the Greek colonies of southern Italy by what year
265 B.C.
Roman military units of 3,000–5,000 foot soldiers and cavalry
legions
In which punic war did , Rome experienced several early defeats but was later able to develop a superior navy and gain control of the Mediterranean Sea
1st punic war
what started the first punic war
Carthage invaded sicily
man that attempted to use elephants in war and attacked rome from the north
hannibal
general that attacked carthage after being attacked by hannibal for 12 years in the north
Scipio
what punic war did carthage get defeated at the battle of zama
2nd punic war
What battle in the 2nd punic war did the carthageneans get beat by rome
Battle of Zama
prisoners of war, slaves, or criminals forced to fight in public shows
gladiators
championed the cause of the poor and convinced the concilium plebis to enact “reforms” which limited the amount of land one man could own and distributed public lands to the poor
Tiberius Gracchus
the brother of Tiberius, was elected tribune in 123 B.C. He, too, attempted to carry out certain reforms, including the government sale of grain to the poor at low prices and the creation of new colonies to which the poor could immigrate, commited suicide
Gaius Gracchus
first civil war was fought between who?
Marius and Sulla
second civil war was fought between who?
Pompey and Julius Caesar
who formed the First Triumvirate which ruled rome
JC,Pompey,and Crassus
elected consul in 59 B.C. with pompey’s support
Julius Caesar
became govenor of gaul and conqured much of europe
Julius Caesar
what river did jc cross to declare war
Rubicon River
what year was pompey defeated
48 B.C.
last ptolemaic ruler
cleopatra
what day was Julius murdered by senators
March 15,44 B.C.
who was the third civil war fought between
Mark Antony and Octavian
what year did the 3rd civil war begin
37 B.C.
who gave cleopatra land because of his “love”
Antony
who won the 3rd civil war, and also made the leaders of the other side to commit suicide
Octavian
