Ch 4 biology

Question 1

The principal parts of a green plant

Answer 1

leaves,stems,and roots

Question 2

designed to absorb necessary nutrients from the soil and to anchor the plant to the soil

Answer 2

roots

Question 3

parts of the stem that allow it to grow in length or to develop new stems, flowers, or leaves

Answer 3

Buds

Question 4

large bud at the end of the twig

Answer 4

terminal bud

Question 5

protect the bud in winter from frost injury and from drying out

Answer 5

bud scales

Question 6

indicate where last year’s growth started

Answer 6

bud-scale scars

Question 7

areas where leaves are growing or have grown

Answer 7

nodes

Question 8

section of the twig between nodes

Answer 8

internode

Question 9

openings in the bark that allow air to enter the stem, providing a means of respiration

Answer 9

lenticles

Question 10

grow in length at the tips of their branches

Answer 10

primary growth

Question 11

two types of leave branching

Answer 11

spire-like and spreading

Question 12

woody stem is divided into what

Answer 12

the bark, the wood, and the pith

Question 13

. Between the bark and the wood is a thin layer of slimy material.

Answer 13

vascular cambium

Question 14

provides protection for the stem and helps transport food throughout the plant

Answer 14

bark

Question 15

arries sugars and other foods made in the leaves downward to the growing parts of the stem and roots

Answer 15

phloem

Question 16

The innermost layer of the bark

Answer 16

phloem

Question 17

conduct food throughout the plant

Answer 17

sieve tubes

Question 18

strengthen the phloem tissue

Answer 18

companion cells

Question 19

he strong, resilient inner section of a woody stem

Answer 19

wood

Question 20

cellulouse walls are stiffined by what

Answer 20

lignin

Question 21

the tissues that conduct sap upward from the roots to the leaves

Answer 21

xylem

Question 22

cone-bearing trees

Answer 22

conifiers

Question 23

simple system of water-conducting cells

Answer 23

tracheids

Question 24

special tubes lined with resin-producing cells

Answer 24

resin ducts

Question 25

packed loosely together and function mostly as water storage cells

Answer 25

pith cells

Question 26

considerably larger than tracheids

Answer 26

vessels

Question 27

center of a young woody stem

Answer 27

pith

Question 28

wood that produces sap

Answer 28

sapwood

Question 29

older, inner wood

Answer 29

heartwood

Question 30

As can be expected, the production of new wood leads to an increase in the thickness of the tree trunk; this growth in width

Answer 30

secondary growth

Question 31

Periods of faster and slower growth result in distinct layers of xylem

Answer 31

growth rings

Question 32

growth rings combining create what

Answer 32

grain

Question 33

the xylem and phloem in a herbacious stem combign to make what

Answer 33

vascular bundles

Question 34

the tissue in which the vascular bundles are embedded

Answer 34

cortex

Question 35

The outer covering of a monocot stem

Answer 35

rind

Question 36

When a new plant starts to grow from a stem, leaf, or root what has taken place

Answer 36

vegetative reproduction

Question 37

reproduction without gametes

Answer 37

asexual reproduction

Question 38

When a person uses vegetative reproductive methods to start a new plant from a root, stem, or leaf, the process is what

Answer 38

vegetative propagation

Question 39

a piece of a stem or root that can grow into a new plant

Answer 39

a cutting

Question 40

roots that grow from an unexpected region of the plant, such as from a stem or leaf

Answer 40

adventitious roots

Question 41

takes advantage of the fact that certain plants will sprout adventitious roots, and it provides the same advantages as the use of cuttings

Answer 41

Layering

Question 42

the process of transplanting living tissue from one plant to another

Answer 42

grafting

Question 43

kind of grafting in which the scion is a bud

Answer 43

budding

Question 44

branch, which is to be grafted onto a stem growing on another tree

Answer 44

scion

Question 45

The tree that receives the new stem in grafting

Answer 45

stock

Question 46

allows seedlings to be produced from individual plant cells grown in the laboratory.

Answer 46

tissue culturing

Question 47

growth responses for plants

Answer 47

tropism

Question 48

the 4 tropisms

Answer 48

phototropism,geotropism,hydrotropism,and thigmotropism

Question 49

made up of a special stem and leaves designed to store food.

Answer 49

bulb

Question 50

having a thicker stem and thinner leaves than a bulb

Answer 50

corms

Question 51

Thick stems that grow horizontally under the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction

Answer 51

rhizomes

Question 52

special stems that grow quickly along the surface of the ground

Answer 52

stolons

Question 53

stem contacts a surface such as a fence or wall, hormones stimulate cells on the opposite side of the stem to grow more rapidly than cells on the contact side of the stem, causing the stem to wrap itself around the object

Answer 53

tendrils

Question 54

underground stems that are designed to store food for the plant

Answer 54

tuber

Question 55

structures that greatly increase the water-absorbing surface area of the root

Answer 55

root hairs

Question 56

root’s food-storage region

Answer 56

root cortex

Question 57

contains xylem tissues, which carry water to the stem, and phloem tissues, which carry food back to the root

Answer 57

central vascular cylinder

Question 58

the main growing region of the root

Answer 58

apical meristem

Question 59

cell division takes place, adding new cells to increase the root’s length

Answer 59

meristimatic region

Question 60

cells increase in length, pushing the root further into the soil

Answer 60

region of elongation

Question 61

cells organize into the vascular cylinder

Answer 61

maturation region

Question 62

p protects the tender root tip as it pushes its way through the soil

Answer 62

root cap

Question 63

do not develop from buds but from the central vascular cylinder of a root

Answer 63

lateral roots

Question 64

certain substances are allowed to pass through the membrane

Answer 64

permiable