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WFBA 10th grade terms > Ch 4 biology > Flashcards

Ch 4 biology Flashcards

1
Q

The principal parts of a green plant

A

leaves,stems,and roots

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2
Q

designed to absorb necessary nutrients from the soil and to anchor the plant to the soil

A

roots

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3
Q

parts of the stem that allow it to grow in length or to develop new stems, flowers, or leaves

A

Buds

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4
Q

large bud at the end of the twig

A

terminal bud

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5
Q

protect the bud in winter from frost injury and from drying out

A

bud scales

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6
Q

indicate where last year’s growth started

A

bud-scale scars

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7
Q

areas where leaves are growing or have grown

A

nodes

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8
Q

section of the twig between nodes

A

internode

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9
Q

openings in the bark that allow air to enter the stem, providing a means of respiration

A

lenticles

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10
Q

grow in length at the tips of their branches

A

primary growth

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11
Q

two types of leave branching

A

spire-like and spreading

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12
Q

woody stem is divided into what

A

the bark, the wood, and the pith

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13
Q

. Between the bark and the wood is a thin layer of slimy material.

A

vascular cambium

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14
Q

provides protection for the stem and helps transport food throughout the plant

A

bark

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15
Q

arries sugars and other foods made in the leaves downward to the growing parts of the stem and roots

A

phloem

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16
Q

The innermost layer of the bark

A

phloem

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17
Q

conduct food throughout the plant

A

sieve tubes

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18
Q

strengthen the phloem tissue

A

companion cells

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19
Q

he strong, resilient inner section of a woody stem

A

wood

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20
Q

cellulouse walls are stiffined by what

A

lignin

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21
Q

the tissues that conduct sap upward from the roots to the leaves

A

xylem

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22
Q

cone-bearing trees

A

conifiers

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23
Q

simple system of water-conducting cells

A

tracheids

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24
Q

special tubes lined with resin-producing cells

A

resin ducts

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25
Q

packed loosely together and function mostly as water storage cells

A

pith cells

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26
Q

considerably larger than tracheids

A

vessels

27
Q

center of a young woody stem

A

pith

28
Q

wood that produces sap

A

sapwood

29
Q

older, inner wood

A

heartwood

30
Q

As can be expected, the production of new wood leads to an increase in the thickness of the tree trunk; this growth in width

A

secondary growth

31
Q

Periods of faster and slower growth result in distinct layers of xylem

A

growth rings

32
Q

growth rings combining create what

A

grain

33
Q

the xylem and phloem in a herbacious stem combign to make what

A

vascular bundles

34
Q

the tissue in which the vascular bundles are embedded

A

cortex

35
Q

The outer covering of a monocot stem

A

rind

36
Q

When a new plant starts to grow from a stem, leaf, or root what has taken place

A

vegetative reproduction

37
Q

reproduction without gametes

A

asexual reproduction

38
Q

When a person uses vegetative reproductive
methods to start a new plant from a root, stem, or leaf, the process is what

A

vegetative propagation

39
Q

a piece of a stem or root
that can grow into a new plant

A

a cutting

40
Q

roots that grow from an unexpected region of the plant, such as from a stem or leaf

A

adventitious roots

41
Q

takes advantage of
the fact that certain plants will sprout adventitious roots, and it provides the same advantages as the use of cuttings

A

Layering

42
Q

the process of transplanting
living tissue from one plant to another

A

grafting

43
Q

kind of grafting in which the
scion is a bud

A

budding

44
Q

branch, which is to be grafted onto a stem growing on another tree

A

scion

45
Q

The tree that receives the new stem in grafting

A

stock

46
Q

allows seedlings to be produced from individual plant cells grown in the laboratory.

A

tissue culturing

47
Q

growth responses for plants

A

tropism

48
Q

the 4 tropisms

A

phototropism,geotropism,hydrotropism,and thigmotropism

49
Q

made up of a special stem and leaves designed to store food.

A

bulb

50
Q

having a thicker stem and thinner leaves than a bulb

A

corms

51
Q

Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction

A

rhizomes

52
Q

special stems that grow quickly along the surface of the ground

A

stolons

53
Q

stem contacts a surface such as a fence or wall, hormones stimulate cells on the opposite side of the stem to grow more rapidly than cells on the contact side of the stem, causing the stem to wrap itself around the object

A

tendrils

54
Q

underground stems that are designed to store food for the plant

A

tuber

55
Q

structures that greatly increase the water-absorbing surface area of the root

A

root hairs

56
Q

root’s food-storage region

A

root cortex

57
Q

contains xylem tissues, which carry water to the stem, and phloem tissues, which carry food back to the root

A

central vascular cylinder

58
Q

the main growing region of the root

A

apical meristem

59
Q

cell division takes place, adding new cells to increase the root’s length

A

meristimatic region

60
Q

cells increase in length, pushing the root further into the soil

A

region of elongation

61
Q

cells organize into the vascular cylinder

A

maturation region

62
Q

p protects the tender root tip as it pushes its way through the soil

A

root cap

63
Q

do not
develop from buds but from the central vascular cylinder of a root

A

lateral roots

64
Q

certain substances are allowed to pass through the membrane

A

permiable

WFBA 10th grade terms (22 decks)

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