Biology Exam Q1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities

A

taxonomy

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2
Q

devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification.

A

Carolus Lin­naeus

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3
Q

largest group in taxonomy

A

kingdoms

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4
Q

order of taxonomy

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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5
Q

specific groups that usually include organisms with very similar characteristics.

A

species

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6
Q

The Linnaean system of nomenclature

A

binomial nomenclature

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7
Q

do not have membrane-­bound nuclei

A

prokaryotes

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8
Q

Plants that produce seeds
but do not produce flowers

A

gymnosperms

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9
Q

are the very familiar cone­bearing gymnosperms.

A

conifers

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10
Q

the tallest known living things

A

costal redwoods

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11
Q

an oriental gymnosperm with two-­lobed, fan­ shaped leaves

A

ginkgo

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12
Q

resemble palm trees, grow today only in certain tropical and subtropical regions

A

cycads

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13
Q

most common cycad in cultivation

A

sago palm

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14
Q

tiny, one­-celled reproductive structures that can grow into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions.

A

spores

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15
Q

The life cycle of a fern involves both asexual (no union
of sex cells) and sexual (union of sex cells) reproduction;

A

alternation of generations

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16
Q

Botanists call mosses and liverworts what

A

bryophytes

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17
Q

a moss has tiny hair­ like threads

A

rhizoids

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18
Q

a compressed accumu­lation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes (peat bogs) over time

A

peat

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19
Q

the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll-­containing organisms, live nearly everywhere.

A

algae

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20
Q

microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms

A

plankton

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21
Q

the largest group of algae.

A

green algae

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22
Q

possibly the most abundant life form on earth except for bacteria.

A

diatoms

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23
Q

the largest of the brown algae, grow in both
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and may be over 60 m (200 ft) long

A

kelps

24
Q

live in the sea like the brown algae, a few species grow in fresh water

A

red algae

25
Q

causes red tide

A

dinoflagellates

26
Q

contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary blad-der, small intestine, large intestine, and the reproductive organs, or gonads

A

abdomenopelvic

27
Q

line all body parts They cover and protect every organ, regulate temperature

A

Epithelial tissues

28
Q

serving no useful purpose today

A

vestigial

29
Q

“backbone” of the skeletal system

A

axial skeleton

30
Q

made up of eight bones joined tightly together to form an armored shell for the brain

A

cranium

31
Q

e the soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head

A

fontanels

32
Q

tailbone

A

coccyx

33
Q

tissues that join bones to other bones

A

ligaments

34
Q

the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines known as what

A

sutures

35
Q

breastbone

A

sternum

36
Q

includes the
126 bones that form the pectoral girdle (the shoulders), the pelvic girdle (the hips), and the appendages (the arms and legs)

A

appendicular skeleton

37
Q

the bone on the same side as your thumb, is attached to the ulna and humerus by a weaker but more movable joint that allows it to rotate around the ulna

A

radius

38
Q

the bone on the same side of your forearm as your little finger, is attached firmly to the humerus by a strong, hinge-like joint

A

ulna

39
Q

form the fingers and thumb

A

phalanges

40
Q

The largest bone of the leg (and the longest bone in the body)

A

femur

41
Q

which extends from the knee joint to the ankle

A

tibia

42
Q

is much thinner than the tibia and does not attach to the femur at all. Rather, it is attached to the tibia, just as the radius is attached to the ulna in the fore-arm

A

fibula

43
Q

shoulder blade

A

clavicle

44
Q

bone to muscle

A

tendons

45
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneus

46
Q

inside heel bone

A

talus

47
Q

wing fruit

A

samara

48
Q

a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network

A

system

49
Q

a compact growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot.

A

bud

50
Q

the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob.

A

node

51
Q

also fleshy and juicy, but not
throughout the entire fruit

A

drupes

52
Q

are simple fruits that consist of a pod enclosing several seeds

A

legumes

53
Q

are simple fruits consisting of a seed and a shell

A

achenes

54
Q

will develop into the root system of the plant

A

radicle

55
Q

Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction

A

rhizomes

56
Q

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis