Biology Exam Q1 Terms Flashcards
process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities
taxonomy
devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification.
Carolus Linnaeus
largest group in taxonomy
kingdoms
order of taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
specific groups that usually include organisms with very similar characteristics.
species
The Linnaean system of nomenclature
binomial nomenclature
do not have membrane-bound nuclei
prokaryotes
Plants that produce seeds
but do not produce flowers
gymnosperms
are the very familiar conebearing gymnosperms.
conifers
the tallest known living things
costal redwoods
an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan shaped leaves
ginkgo
resemble palm trees, grow today only in certain tropical and subtropical regions
cycads
most common cycad in cultivation
sago palm
tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that can grow into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions.
spores
The life cycle of a fern involves both asexual (no union
of sex cells) and sexual (union of sex cells) reproduction;
alternation of generations
Botanists call mosses and liverworts what
bryophytes
a moss has tiny hair like threads
rhizoids
a compressed accumulation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes (peat bogs) over time
peat
the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll-containing organisms, live nearly everywhere.
algae
microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms
plankton
the largest group of algae.
green algae
possibly the most abundant life form on earth except for bacteria.
diatoms
the largest of the brown algae, grow in both
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and may be over 60 m (200 ft) long
kelps
live in the sea like the brown algae, a few species grow in fresh water
red algae
causes red tide
dinoflagellates
contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary blad-der, small intestine, large intestine, and the reproductive organs, or gonads
abdomenopelvic
line all body parts They cover and protect every organ, regulate temperature
Epithelial tissues
serving no useful purpose today
vestigial
“backbone” of the skeletal system
axial skeleton
made up of eight bones joined tightly together to form an armored shell for the brain
cranium
e the soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head
fontanels
tailbone
coccyx
tissues that join bones to other bones
ligaments
the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines known as what
sutures
breastbone
sternum
includes the
126 bones that form the pectoral girdle (the shoulders), the pelvic girdle (the hips), and the appendages (the arms and legs)
appendicular skeleton
the bone on the same side as your thumb, is attached to the ulna and humerus by a weaker but more movable joint that allows it to rotate around the ulna
radius
the bone on the same side of your forearm as your little finger, is attached firmly to the humerus by a strong, hinge-like joint
ulna
form the fingers and thumb
phalanges
The largest bone of the leg (and the longest bone in the body)
femur
which extends from the knee joint to the ankle
tibia
is much thinner than the tibia and does not attach to the femur at all. Rather, it is attached to the tibia, just as the radius is attached to the ulna in the fore-arm
fibula
shoulder blade
clavicle
bone to muscle
tendons
heel bone
calcaneus
inside heel bone
talus
wing fruit
samara
a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network
system
a compact growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot.
bud
the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob.
node
also fleshy and juicy, but not
throughout the entire fruit
drupes
are simple fruits that consist of a pod enclosing several seeds
legumes
are simple fruits consisting of a seed and a shell
achenes
will develop into the root system of the plant
radicle
Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction
rhizomes
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
