Biology Exam Q1 Terms

Question 1

process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities

Answer 1

taxonomy

Question 2

devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification.

Answer 2

Carolus Lin­naeus

Question 3

largest group in taxonomy

Answer 3

kingdoms

Question 4

order of taxonomy

Answer 4

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 5

specific groups that usually include organisms with very similar characteristics.

Answer 5

species

Question 6

The Linnaean system of nomenclature

Answer 6

binomial nomenclature

Question 7

do not have membrane-­bound nuclei

Answer 7

prokaryotes

Question 8

Plants that produce seeds
but do not produce flowers

Answer 8

gymnosperms

Question 9

are the very familiar cone­bearing gymnosperms.

Answer 9

conifers

Question 10

the tallest known living things

Answer 10

costal redwoods

Question 11

an oriental gymnosperm with two-­lobed, fan­ shaped leaves

Answer 11

ginkgo

Question 12

resemble palm trees, grow today only in certain tropical and subtropical regions

Answer 12

cycads

Question 13

most common cycad in cultivation

Answer 13

sago palm

Question 14

tiny, one­-celled reproductive structures that can grow into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions.

Answer 14

spores

Question 15

The life cycle of a fern involves both asexual (no union
of sex cells) and sexual (union of sex cells) reproduction;

Answer 15

alternation of generations

Question 16

Botanists call mosses and liverworts what

Answer 16

bryophytes

Question 17

a moss has tiny hair­ like threads

Answer 17

rhizoids

Question 18

a compressed accumu­lation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes (peat bogs) over time

Answer 18

peat

Question 19

the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll-­containing organisms, live nearly everywhere.

Answer 19

algae

Question 20

microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms

Answer 20

plankton

Question 21

the largest group of algae.

Answer 21

green algae

Question 22

possibly the most abundant life form on earth except for bacteria.

Answer 22

diatoms

Question 23

the largest of the brown algae, grow in both
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and may be over 60 m (200 ft) long

Answer 23

kelps

Question 24

live in the sea like the brown algae, a few species grow in fresh water

Answer 24

red algae

Question 25

causes red tide

Answer 25

dinoflagellates

Question 26

contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary blad-der, small intestine, large intestine, and the reproductive organs, or gonads

Answer 26

abdomenopelvic

Question 27

line all body parts They cover and protect every organ, regulate temperature

Answer 27

Epithelial tissues

Question 28

serving no useful purpose today

Answer 28

vestigial

Question 29

“backbone” of the skeletal system

Answer 29

axial skeleton

Question 30

made up of eight bones joined tightly together to form an armored shell for the brain

Answer 30

cranium

Question 31

e the soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head

Answer 31

fontanels

Question 32

tailbone

Answer 32

coccyx

Question 33

tissues that join bones to other bones

Answer 33

ligaments

Question 34

the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines known as what

Answer 34

sutures

Question 35

breastbone

Answer 35

sternum

Question 36

includes the 126 bones that form the pectoral girdle (the shoulders), the pelvic girdle (the hips), and the appendages (the arms and legs)

Answer 36

appendicular skeleton

Question 37

the bone on the same side as your thumb, is attached to the ulna and humerus by a weaker but more movable joint that allows it to rotate around the ulna

Answer 37

radius

Question 38

the bone on the same side of your forearm as your little finger, is attached firmly to the humerus by a strong, hinge-like joint

Answer 38

ulna

Question 39

form the fingers and thumb

Answer 39

phalanges

Question 40

The largest bone of the leg (and the longest bone in the body)

Answer 40

femur

Question 41

which extends from the knee joint to the ankle

Answer 41

tibia

Question 42

is much thinner than the tibia and does not attach to the femur at all. Rather, it is attached to the tibia, just as the radius is attached to the ulna in the fore-arm

Answer 42

fibula

Question 43

shoulder blade

Answer 43

clavicle

Question 44

bone to muscle

Answer 44

tendons

Question 45

heel bone

Answer 45

calcaneus

Question 46

inside heel bone

Answer 46

talus

Question 47

wing fruit

Answer 47

samara

Question 48

a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network

Answer 48

system

Question 49

a compact growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot.

Answer 49

bud

Question 50

the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob.

Answer 50

node

Question 51

also fleshy and juicy, but not throughout the entire fruit

Answer 51

drupes

Question 52

are simple fruits that consist of a pod enclosing several seeds

Answer 52

legumes

Question 53

are simple fruits consisting of a seed and a shell

Answer 53

achenes

Question 54

will develop into the root system of the plant

Answer 54

radicle

Question 55

Thick stems that grow horizontally under the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction

Answer 55

rhizomes

Question 56

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 56

osmosis