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WFBA 10th grade terms > Science terms after reading quiz > Flashcards

Science terms after reading quiz Flashcards

1
Q

tapers into strong tendons that fasten the biceps to the scapula above and to the radius below

A

fascia

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2
Q

extend the length of the muscle cell

A

myofibrils

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3
Q

give skeletal muscle its banded, or striated, appearance

A

sarcomeres

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4
Q

The point at which a motor neuron connects to a muscle cell

A

neuromuscular junction

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5
Q

. A motor neuron and the group of muscle cells it controls

A

motor unit

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6
Q

When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, it does so completely and then relaxes completely until another nerve impulse reaches it.

A

all-or-none principle

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7
Q

Enlargement of muscles through use

A

hypertrophy

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8
Q

Muscle degeneration

A

atrophy

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9
Q

Muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and large amounts of myoglobin

A

red fibers

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10
Q

muscle fibers containing fewer mitochondria and less myoglobin

A

white fibers

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11
Q

total awareness of body movements

A

muscle sense

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12
Q

includes the brain and the spinal cord, which are both encased in bone for protection

A

central nervous system

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13
Q

principle organ of the nervous system

A

brain

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14
Q

a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

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15
Q

he spinal cord and brain are covered by a triple layer
of protective tissues known as the what

A

meninges

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16
Q

one of the strongest tissues of the body, serves primarily as a flexible protective layer

A

dura meter

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17
Q

composed of thin fibers, like the fibers of a spider’s web, that form an intricate three­dimensional network around the brain

A

arachnoid mater

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18
Q

circulates through the fibers of the arachnoid mater, cushioning the brain when you bump your head

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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19
Q

forms a delicate covering that rests directly against the brain and spinal cord.

A

pia mater

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20
Q

support and insulate nerve tissue

A

glial cells

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21
Q

the actual nerve cells

A

neurons

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22
Q

, branched extension of the cell that receives nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body

A

dendrite

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23
Q

a long extension that relays nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons.

A

axon

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24
Q

found within the brain and spinal
cord consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because the cell bodies lack the white, specialized covering known as myelin [

A

gray matter

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25
Q

is com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content.

A

white matter

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26
Q

is com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content.

A

ganglia

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27
Q

, a network of interconnected nerve fibers going to or from a region

A

plexus

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28
Q

A group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord

A

nerve center

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29
Q

Neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals

A

sensory neurons

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30
Q

. Neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body

A

motor neurons

31
Q

are found only in the central nervous system, relay signals between neurons or groups of neurons and are responsible for the processing of information by
the brain, like the logic circuits of a computer.

A

Interneurons

32
Q

protect the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick.

A

blood-brain barrier

33
Q

, the blood­brain barrier must open slightly to allow additional white blood cells to squeeze through and fight the invaders, causing inflammation and swelling inside the skull.

A

meningitis

34
Q

a state of pro­longed unconsciousness

A

coma

35
Q

bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body

A

nerves

36
Q

nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers

A

mixed nerves

37
Q

carry impulses from light, taste, sound, touch, and pain from other parts of the body to the spinal cord and brain for analysis

A

sensory nerve fiber

38
Q

carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to produce action in muscles and organs

A

motor nerve fibers

39
Q

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs

A

autonomic nervous system

40
Q

generally responds
to your body’s needs during increased activity and in emergency situations by causing heartbeat and breathing rates to increase, thus supplying more blood to your body so
that you can respond quickly

A

sympathetic divison

41
Q

acts as a
balance to counteract the actions of the sympathetic division

A

parasympathetic division

42
Q

controls
the muscles of the forearm and the muscles and skin of the hand, is representative of how all peripheral nerves are designed

A

median nerve

43
Q

h produce layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an elec­trical wire

A

Schwann cells

44
Q

occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the glial cells that provide myelin sheaths for nerve cell axons

A

Multiple sclerosis

45
Q

the inability of the muscles to move

A

paralysis

46
Q

propagated by fast ­acting, voltage­ sensing ion gates that quickly open and close, allowing sodium and potassium ions to briefly flow into and out of the cell

A

action potential,

47
Q

an enclosed junction between two neu­rons or a neuron and another cell

A

synapse

48
Q

a powerful poison that is responsi­ble for the most deadly type of food poisoning

A

botulinum toxin

49
Q

The simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

50
Q

the upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behaviors.

A

cerebrum

51
Q

, the lower part of the brain, helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

A

cerebellum

52
Q

the part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activi­ties of the autonomic nervous system.

A

brain stem

53
Q

two halves of the brain

A

hemispheres

54
Q

The two hemispheres communicate with each other through a mass of nerve fibers called the what

A

corpus callosum

55
Q

the outer layer
of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

56
Q

The convlutions of each of the cerebral hemispheres are divided by grooves into various regions called what

A

lobes

57
Q

associated
with personality, judgment, and self­ control.

A

frontal lobes

58
Q

They analyze the senses on their re­spective sides of the body to allow us to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture.

A

parietal lobes

59
Q

he sense of vision is interpreted by what lobes

A

occipital
lobes

60
Q

re associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell.

A

temporal lobes

61
Q

Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth

A

cerebral palsy

62
Q

is located between the cerebrum
and the spinal cord Because of its location, all nerve fibers connecting the brain and spinal cord must pass through it, consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.

A

brain system

63
Q

contains nerve centers that monitor and regu­late breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and other vital body functions such as swallowing; it also is responsible for triggering you to sneeze.

A

medulla oblongata

64
Q

assists the medulla oblongata in regulating breathing; it also helps coordinate some eye movements and facial expressions.

A

pons

65
Q

help coordinate the movements of both eyes, adjust the size of the pupils in response to light, and operate the lens muscles to focus the eyes on the object of your attention.

A

midbrain

66
Q

most important function is serving as the “master switch” of the cerebrum

A

reticular formation

67
Q

involved in coordinating the activity of the different parts of the brain; they also seem to be important in generating and regulating emotions and desires in coor­dination with incoming sensory information and the powers of reason in the cerebrum

A

limbic system

68
Q

acts like a switch­-board, routing activation signals from the reticular formation and sensory impulses from various parts of the body to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

A

thalamus

69
Q

the control unit for your body’s automatic systems

A

hypothalamus

70
Q

processes factual memories for storage

A

hippocampus

71
Q

helps generate emotions and processes emotional memories

A

amygdala

72
Q

complete hearing loss

A

sensorineural deafness

73
Q
A

WFBA 10th grade terms (39 decks)

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