Ch 15 WH Flashcards
attempted to mediate the social\political problems b/w peasants & nobles
Martin luther
the peasant’s ignored Luther’s advice & revolted against the nobles
Peasants Revolt
1st Protestant confession of faith
Augsburg Confession
compromise formed b/w the Protestants & Catholics; est “state” churches in Germany (1555)
Peace of Augsburg
The nobles crushed the rebellion
just know it
The Catholic Church’s attempt to destroy the Reformation in Europe
Counter Reformation
a Catholic “court” that would find, try, & punish heretics
Inquisition
founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540; the “right arm” of the Inquisition (most devout in finding heretics & spreading Romanism)
Jesuits
Rome’s strongest stand against Protestantism
The council of trent
who founded the jesuits, he was very loyal to the church
Ignatius Loyola
Ruled Spain & the Holy Roman Empire from 1516-1556
Supported the Inquisition; Spain became the most powerful European nation
Charles V
Son of Charles V
Fanatical support of the church led to his failed invasion of England (1588)
Phillip II
brought the Inquisition into Portugal in 1536; resulting in violence broke the nation & they fell to Spain in 1580
King John III
spanish Contributions to Culture
language, horses, cattle, oranges, & lemons
the main language of Brazil
Portuguese
Miguel de Cervantes wrote what
Don Quixote
damlike barriers of earth & stone built to keep water out
dikes
Known as The Low Countries
The netherlands
The people who live in the netherlands are what
dutch
A Spanish ruling council that led the Inquisition against the Protestants in the Netherlands
Council of blood
led Spanish troops in the Netherlands
Duke of Alva
Dutch nobleman who led the fight for freedom during the mid. 1500s
william the silent
Helped found the United Provinces of the Netherlands
william the silent
what year did the Netherlands claimed their independence from Spain
1581
what year was the father of dutch liberties killed
1584
what year did the dutch gain independence
1648
The pope gave him the title “Defender of the Faith” (still used today)
Henry VIII
When the pope refused to grant his divorce from Catherine of Aragon he removed England form the Catholic church; this started the what
English Reformation
attempted to stop the Reformation by declaring Henry the head of the Church of England
Act of Supremacy
led the Protestants in Scotland
John Knox
attacked the Protestants, Knox appealed to Queen Elizabeth who defended the Protestants
Mary Stuart
Mary was forced to abdicate Scotland’s throne in what year
1567
defended by Elizabeth’s troops from Spanish invasion
Scotland
built up the English navy
Sir John Hawkins
“sea dog” employed by Elizabeth; 1st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
Sir Francis Drake
Spanish fleet led by Phillip to invade England
Invincible armada
What year was the Invincible armada defeated
1588
The reign of Elizabeth is also known as what
The Elizabethan Age
perhaps the greatest writer of all time; wrote many plays including Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, & Julius Cesar
William Shakespeare
Calvinist Protestants; by the 1500s, half of the French nobility were Protestants
Huguenots
an assembly of religious representatives
synod
brought persecution to the Protestants
Francis I & Henry II
Powerful ruling family in France
De Medicis
led Protestants in their fight vs. the Catholics
Henry of Navarre & Gaspard de Coligny
leaders of the Catholic forces in France
Guise Family
Catherine’s attempt at peace with the Protestants (1562); this was temporary
Edict of January
the murder of 100,000 Protestant through France
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
became king in 1589; 1st Protestant king of France
Henry IV
allowed for the more religious freedoms to the French Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
advisor who aided her in her rule
Cardinal Richelieu
Civil war in germany between the protestants and catholics
30 years war
where did the first battles of the 30 years war occur
Bohemia
King of Bohemia who led the Catholic forces during the 30 years war
Ferdinand II
aided the protestants during the 30 years war
Christian IV & Gustavus Adolphus
peace treaty that ended the war in 1648; did not change anything from before the war
Peace of Westphalia
