Week 7: Chp 28: Overview of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Circulation

Answer 1

flow of blood throughout the heart and blood vessels

-flow of blood throughout the body and heart

Question 2

Perfusion

Answer 2

blood flow to a capillary bed to provide nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs
-blood flow to a capillary bed where nutrients and oxygenation is provided to tissues and organs (part of internal respiration)

Question 3

Primary Function of The Cardiovascular System

Answer 3

• deliver oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs
• accomplished through the interaction of a muscular pump (heart) and a large complex of arteries and veins

Question 4

Primary Job of the Heart

Answer 4

• propel blood from its left side into the aorta and the systemic circulation to provide oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
• muscle that pumps blood throughout the body

Question 5

The amount of blood ejecting from the left heart is called?

Answer 5

cardiac output (CO)

Question 6

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 6

• the amount of blood ejecting from the left heart

- varies depending on the bodys metabolic demands, increasing with exercise and decreasing when at rest

Question 7

What happens after blood circulates in the body?

Answer 7

the blood returns to the right heart through the great veins, the superior and inferior vena cavae, to be delivered to the lungs to receive oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 8

The Vascular System Consists of

Answer 8

a combination of arteries, veins, and capillaries

-arterial and venous vascular systems

Question 9

Arteries

Answer 9

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 11

Which artery is an exception from oxygenated blood in the heart?

Answer 11

pulmonary artery

-carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to get oxygenated by the lungs

Question 12

The Function of the Vascular System

Answer 12

• the delivery of oxygenated blood to the tissues
• the removal and transportation of cellular waste for excretion
• the return of circulatory volume to the right heart
• the return of lymph fluid back into the general circulation

Question 13

The Arterial System Consists of

Answer 13

high-pressured, thick walled muscular vessels

Question 14

Function of the Arterial System

Answer 14

carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues

• carries blood away from the heart
• accomplished through a series of vessels gradually decreasing in size, eventually entering the smallest vessels, the capillaries, where the actual oxygen and nutrient exchange takes place
• sequence of vessels: arteries to arterioles to metarterioles to capillaries

Question 15

Sequence of vessels in the Arterial System

Answer 15

arteries –> arterioles –> metarterioles –> capillaries

Question 16

The Venous System Consists of

Answer 16

low-pressure vascular circuit with vessels that contain valves to prevent retrograde, or backward, flow.

• these vessels carry blood from the capillary bed through venules, then veins, back to the heart
• Veins also have the flexibility to adapt to changes in volume without large changes in pressure; allows for the infusion of IV fluids and blood products

Question 17

Sequence of Vessels in the Venous System

Answer 17

capillary bed —> venules —> veins–> back to heart

Question 18

What have the flexibility to adapt to changes in volume without large changes in pressure

Answer 18

Veins

-this allows for the infusion of IV fluids and blood products

Question 19

Where is the real work of the vascular system done?

Answer 19

at the capillary bed

Question 20

What happens at the capillary bed?

Answer 20

oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues and cellular waste is removed
-exchange

Question 21

How Many capillaries are in the body?

Answer 21

• tremendously abundant in the body
• estimated in billions
• their abundance makes them close to virtually every cell in the body

Question 22

Is the entire capillary system ever full at the same time?

Answer 22

• NO
• there are muscle cells or precapillary sphincters at the entrance of each capillary that constrict or dilate to deliver or divert blood to areas of need
• when precapillary sphincters are open, capillaries are filled with blood
• when a precapillary sphincter closes, the corresponding capillary shuts down, and blood travels through a thoroughfare channel, going directly from metarteriole to venule; in this way blood is diverted to organ systems in need