Week 10: Chp 40: Adrenal Glands Flashcards
1
Q
Adrenal Glands Location
A
located on the top of each kidney
-adrenal as in… RENAL
2
Q
Each adrenal gland consists of?
A
- Inner core (Adrenal Medulla)
- Outer Covering (Adrenal Cortex)
3
Q
Adrenal Cortex
A
outer covering
- compromises 90% of the adrenal gland
- secretes 3 types of hormones: mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
4
Q
Adrenal Cortex: Mineralocorticoids
A
- controls fluid balance through their effect on the kidneys
- the target cells are the collecting ducts in the kidney, and stimulation leads to reabsorption of sodium and water and excretion of potassium
- Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid, it is a steroid hormone, Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure
5
Q
Adrenal Cortex: Glucocorticoids
A
hormones whose effects are essential for life
- these hormones have an effect on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and suppress inflammatory and immune function
- cause reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys
- Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid
6
Q
Adrenal Medulla
A
inner core
- under the control of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are secreted from the adrenal medulla when stimulated by the SNS, and their actions vary according to the receptor sites
- 2 major types of receptors: Alpha (1 and 2), and Beta (1,2, and 3)
- target tissues include various types of cells and specific organs of the body
7
Q
Alpha Receptors
A
- Alpha 1: affect responses in the vascular smooth muscle
- Alpha 2: can decrease release of norepinephrine and influence blood pressure
8
Q
Beta Receptors
A
- Beta 1: located in the heart
- Beta 2: located in the bronchioles and other sites such as the kidneys
- Beta 3: found in adipose tissue and, when stimulated, enhance thermogenesis (heat production)
