Week 1 Anxiety and Panic Flashcards
Anxiety
a vague feeling of dread or apprehension
-it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms
Panic Attack
between 15 and 30 minutes of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiological discomfort
-rarely any discernible cause for the panic but the bodys fight or flight mechanism abruptly creates all the sensations of great danger
Panic Disorder
composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks
Anxiolytic Drugs (Anxiolytics)
used to treat anxiety and anxiety disorders, insomnia, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and alcohol withdrawal
Anxiety Disorders
a group of conditions that share a key feature of excessive anxiety, with ensuing behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physiological responses
When is Anxiety Pathological? (Involving, caused by, or of the nature of physical or mental disease)
- no obvious threat exists or threat has passed but anxiety continues
- internal conflict (repression)
- out of proportion to situation
- prevents fulfillment of roles
- interferes with daily/ social activities
- affects overall quality of life
- defense mechanism overused
Anxiety Etiology
-anxiety/ panic may be an imbalance of Gamma-Aminobutynic Acid (GABA)
Symptoms of Anxiety
-unable to relax (restlessness)
-excessive worry
-easily startled
-easily fatigued
-difficulty in concentrating
-irritability
-trembling
-muscle tension
-sweating
-nausea
-shortness of breath
-sleep disturbances
-tachycardia
-angina
-increased BP
no 2 people present in exactly the same way
Acute Nursing Interventions
- Safety: stabilize medically and give psychological reassurance
- remain with the patient
- focus on deep breathing, visual imagery
- talk in a calm reassuring voice
- benzodiazepines
- Buspirone (buspar)- after benzodiazepines
- relaxation techniques
- maintain contact with community
- maintain prescribed medication regimen and follow-up
- time management techniques
When Assessing An Apparently Anxious Client, Questions about Anxiety Should Be?
Specific and Direct
Anxiety: Common Physiological Responses
- increased heart rate
- increased blood pressure
- rapid, shallow respirations
- dry mouth
- tight feeling in throat
- tremors
- muscle tension
- anorexia
- urinary frequency
- palmer sweating
- feelings of gloom and doom
Anxiety Pharmacological Management
- Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety agents)
- Benzodiazepines and Non-benzodiazepines
- SSRI (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors)
- MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Antidepressants)
Anxiety General Outcomes
- reduce anxiety
- enhance coping
- maintain role performance
- focus on problem-identification
- demonstrate healthy ways of dealing with stress
- interpret and respond to messages objectively
GABA
an inhibitory neurotransmitter, functions as the bodys natural anti-anxiety agent by reducing cell excitability, decreasing the rate of neuronal firing
Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Believed To Be Dysfunctional in Anxiety Disorders?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)