Week 11 Chp 43: Coordinating Care for Patients with Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders

Question 1

Metabolic activity and rate are primarily under the control of two hormones released from the thyroid glands which are?

Answer 1

• triiodothyronine (T3)

- thyroxine (T4)

Question 2

The release of thyroid hormone is under the control of what?

Answer 2

the anterior pituitary gland (secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) and the hypothalamus (thyroid-releasing hormone or thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH])
>disorders affecting either of these structures can result in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Serum calcium levels are controlled through the release of what?

Answer 3

thyrocalcitonin from the thyroid glands and parathyroid hormone (parathormone [PTH]) from the parathyroid glands

Question 4

Hypothalamus

Answer 4

• secretes Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
• targets the anterior pituitary gland
• stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 5

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 5

• Secretes: TSH
• Targets: the thyroid glands
• Action: increases secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Question 6

Thyroid Gland

Answer 6

> Secretes: T3, T4, and Thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Targets:
-Cells of the body; increases metabolic rate, increases response to catecholamines
-Bones; decreases osteoclastic (breakdown of bone)
-Kidneys; decreases reabsorption of calcium in renal tubules
-Intestines; decreases reabsorption of calcium in the intestines

Question 7

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 7

-Stimulates: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-Targets:
>Kidneys; increases renal tubule reabsorption of calcium
>Bones; increases osteoclastic (bone breakdown) activity
>Intestines; increases gastrointestinal reabsorption of calcium (vitamin D required)