Week 11 lecture 20 biowarfare Flashcards

1
Q

In the history of bio warfare, what happened in the 1300s?

A

Siege of kaffa where mongols threw ppl with plague over wall

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2
Q

What was a regulation attempt to stop bio and chemical warfare?

A

the 1925 Geneva protocol

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3
Q

The geneva protocol still is upheld T/F?

A

FAlse; tjhere was not a way in place to keep it in check

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4
Q

The issue wityh the Dachau facility was?

A

bioweapons testsed against innocent ppl uring WWII

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5
Q

The issue with the Dachau facility and Gruinard island was?

A

bioweapons tested against innocent ppl during WWII

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6
Q

What type of bioweapon was used in Gruinard island?

A

Anthrax warfare

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7
Q

What did the bioweapons program from Japan do during WWII?

A

Contaminated Chinese cities’ water and food supply

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8
Q

Why is Fort Detrick , MD special?

A

That is where the biowarfare program was initiated in the USA. There were large scale anthrax weapons + defensive research

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9
Q

The anthrax outbreak in the USSR was in which lab?

A

tularemia lab

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10
Q

What was the frst and largest USA bioterror attack?

A

Rajneeshee Cult in the USA

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11
Q

The Rajneeshee cult spread what where in the US?

A

salmonella in Portland, OR, USA

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12
Q

What are the levels of the War on Terror in the USA? What is the highest risk?

A

A B and C; A

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13
Q

___ Prohibits the development, production, acquisition, transfer,
stockpiling and use of biological / toxin weapons & WMDs
* Signed by nearly all countries (183)
* Review conferences held every 5 years
* Again, no clear mechanisms to enforce the treaty exist.

A

United Nations (UN) Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention

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14
Q

Steps to mass produce bioweapons

A

Procure the agent, have skill for storage/handling, develop transmission (experts and money basically)

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15
Q

What is the best (worst for people’s survival) way to spread a bioweapon?

A

Aerosol transmission

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16
Q

Smallpox
Anthrax
Plague
Botulism
Tularemia
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola)
are which categories and whY>

A

A; not easy treatment/vaccination

17
Q

Weaknesses of smallpox as a weapon are?

A

only in 2 locations in world, easy diagnosis, available vaccine

18
Q

The most likely bioweapon to be used is? Why?

A

anthrax; easily found in nature and causes severe disease

19
Q

Weaknesses of anthrax as a weapon are?

A

Susceptible to major antibiotics
Antitoxin available (stockpiled)
Vaccine effective

20
Q

among the types of anthrax which is most deadly? Why?

A

Inhalational, leads to septicemia and respiratory failure

21
Q

Anthrax is not able to spread from person to person T/F?

A

TRUE

22
Q

Weaknesses of plague as a weapon are?

A

treated with antibiotics and doesnot survive for long

23
Q

The most potent category A bioweapon toxin by weight

A

Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT)

24
Q

Weaknesses ofbotulism as a weapon are?

A

There is an antitoxin treatment available and stocked, and vaccine is not approved but is developed

25
Q

Tularemia is also called ___ because that isthe reservoir

A

rabbit fever

26
Q

How is tularermia spread?

A

inhalation of contaminated dusts or aerosols
(NOT direct person to person)

27
Q

Tularemia Disease causes what complications?

A

respiratory, pneumonic and
systemic infection
* 7% mortality in untreated cases

28
Q

Positives of ebola as a bioweapon are?

A

it is easy to spread person to person and has high mortality with no cure

29
Q

Weaknesses of ebola as a weapon are?

A

Ebola is unstable and hard to grow lots of. Plus a vaccine does exist for it

30
Q

Transmission from Inhaled barnyard dust
Dirt with feces, urine, placenta, milk
Resistant to drying and very stable
Can be carried long distanced by wind
what am i describing an d wat category bioweapon is this?

A

Q fwever; B category

31
Q

Weaknesses of Q fever as a bioweapon are?

A

low mortality/virulence and treatable and vaccine available

32
Q

Weaknesses of Ricin toxin as a bioweapon are?

A

Can’t spread person to person

33
Q

What type of categoy of disease is foot and mouth disease?

A

Category C and livestock bioterrorism

34
Q

What type of category of disease is foot and mouth disease?

A

Category C and livestock bioterrorism that would cause food sthortage and economic prioblems

35
Q

What type of category of disease is foot and mouth disease?

A

Category C and livestock bioterrorism that would cause food shortage and economic problems

36
Q

Highly toxic toxin extracted from the castor bean
Grown at home, difficult to limit/regulate
* Can be in form of powder, mist, pellet, dissolved in water, etc
* Transmission by injection, oral ingestion, inhalation
Similar symptoms as anthrax except no antidote
* Fever, nausea, organ failure, pneumonia, shock
* Supportive care only
Has been used/attempted as a weapon MANY times

What am I describing and what category is it?

A

Ricin - Category B