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global health > lecture 4 COVID > Flashcards

lecture 4 COVID Flashcards

1
Q

the final step in making a new drug is __

A

FDA APPROVAL

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2
Q

permission to use drug when no other option available

A

EUA emergencyuse authorization

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3
Q

how many phases of clinical trials?

A

3

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4
Q

what is PCR used to find?

A

the RNA genome

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5
Q

PCR is a type of ___ test

A

nucleic acid test

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6
Q

how long does an antobody test show up as positive?

A

2 weeks

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7
Q

you need blood for an antibody test, T/F?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

the antibody test detects what 2 things

A

detects the antibodies you have to a virus and your body’s response

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9
Q

what equipment does an antigen test use?

A

nasal swab

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10
Q

how does an antigen test relate to a pregnancy test?

A

lateral flow

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11
Q

antigen tests still have the virus inside when they are + T/F?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

why did the first CDC covid test in 2020 fail?

A

because of faulty reagents

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13
Q

in april 2020, which test did the CDC approve?

A

the Ab test

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14
Q

sick people correctly identified as sick are __.

A

true positive

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15
Q

healthy people incorrectly identified as sick are __.

A

false positive

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16
Q

sick people incorrectly identified as NOT sick are__.

A

false negative

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17
Q

How SENSITIVE ARE AG TESTS

A

65% SENSITIVE

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18
Q

HOW SPECIFIC ARE AG TESTS?

A

99.9% SPECIFIC

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19
Q

true + and false - are examples of __.

A

sensitivity

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20
Q

true - and false + are examples of ___.

A

specificity

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21
Q

taking a test too early, handling/shipping issues, viral load variation, lungs vs nose, and cross reacting to other viruses would cause a ___ ____.

A

false negative

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22
Q

who does hCoV mostly afffect populationwise?

A

children

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23
Q

How does Ab protecc against COVID?

A

circulating antibodies recognize seasonal hCoV and neutralize

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24
Q

Which one is more sensitive? Ag or PCR?

A

PCR (80% vs 40%)

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25
Q

hydroxycholoroquine is not a COVID treatment. it is a __ and __ treatment

A

malaria and lupus

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26
Q

drugs eliminate the need for vaccines T/F?

A

FALSE

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27
Q

how effective does a flu vax need to be to get approved?

A

50%

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28
Q

how are mRNA vaccines placed?

A

mRNA gets injected into the muscle

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29
Q

how far apart are the 2 pfizer doses?

A

3wk

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30
Q

how effective is pfizer vax?

A

91%

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31
Q

how far apart are the 2 moderna doses?

32
Q

moderna is a mRNA vaccine, T/F?

33
Q

J&J vaccine is how effective?how many doses?

A

66%; 1 dose

34
Q

side effect to J&J vaccine:

A

blood clots

35
Q

Vaxzevria aka Astrazeneca had which issue?

A

also blood clots

36
Q

J&J, oxfod, and cansinobio, zydus, and sputnik v were (DNA/RNA) viruses?

A

DNA viruses

37
Q

zycovD was EUA only in ___. how did it work?

A

India, 3 does 4wk apart

38
Q

which kind of vaccines were not approved?

A

protein vaccines

39
Q

novovax vaccine needs how many doses?

A

2 and a booster.

40
Q

you can combine novovax with other vaccine types T/F?

41
Q

Janssen vax is approved in the US for __. so are

A

EUA; mono and bivalent vaccines (2 moderna, 2 pfizer), and novovax

42
Q

who is spikevax approved for? what type of vaccine is she?

A

12-17 year olds/over 18; moderna mRNA

43
Q

spikevax, monovalent, and bivalent are examples of __.

A

moderna mRNA vaccines

44
Q

comirnaty, mono and bivalent are examples of __.

A

pfizer mRNA vaccines

45
Q

this vaccine works using proteins on nanoparticles and is 90% effective. who is she?

A

covovax/nuvaxocvid

46
Q

how many doses and how far apart for nvxcov2373?

A

2 doses 3 wk apart

47
Q

soberana 2/pastocovac is from iran and cuba with 2 doses and a booster. what type of vaccine is she?

A

protein/toxoid vaccine

48
Q

which vaccine gives partial protection against COVID?

A

bbacillus calmette guerin (TB vaccine)

49
Q

abdala and auroracov/epivaccorona are which type of vaccine?

A

peptide vaccine

50
Q

polio and TB vaccines are which type of vaccine?

A

inactivated virus vaccines

51
Q

how does the DNA virus vaccine work?

A

part of COVID gets carried on through a harmless DNA virus

52
Q

how id moderna virus stored?

A

needs to be frozen

53
Q

the FDA approved COVID treatment drugs are?

A

Remdesavir/veklury, acetemra/tozicilizumab, olumiant/baricitinib

54
Q

Remdesavir/veklury was developed for?

A

ebola and hepatitis C

55
Q

Remdesavir/veklury causes ___

56
Q

Remdesavir/veklury works on __covid strain

57
Q

Remdesavir/veklury is a nucleoside analog T/F?

58
Q

actemra/tocilizumab isfor which body system

A

immune system

59
Q

who used actemra/tocilizumab?

A

hosdpitalized pts who were recieving corticosteroids or oxygen (ie ECMO machine)

60
Q

actemra/tocilizumab was originally developed for those with__

A

rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

how does olumiant/baricitnib work in the immune system?

A

it is a kinase inhibitor

62
Q

who used actemra/tocilizumab>?

A

hosdpitalized pts who were recieving corticosteroids or oxygen (ie ECMO machine)

63
Q

bebtelovimab and evushield/tizagevimab do what to target COVID?

A

they block the virus from entering the cell

64
Q

paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and lagevrio (molnupiravir) are which type of drugs?

A

antiviral drugs

65
Q

paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and lagevrio (molnupiravir) have which concerN?

A

concern for growing fetus

66
Q

which antiviral drug was recommended over Mab? what does it fight against?

A

paxlovid; omicron

67
Q

paxlovid is also called

68
Q

stem cells, anticoaggulants, cochicine, vitamins/minerals, leronlimab, exocd24 are all confirmed to fight COVID T/F?

A

FALSE- TIS MIXED EVIDENCE

69
Q

hospitalized ADULTS needing oxygen and high suPAR receptor will take __medicine

A

kineret (anakinra)

70
Q

PEDIATRIC patients needing invasive oxygen or ECMO take ____ medicine

A

olumiant (braicitinib)

71
Q

PEDIATRIC PATIENTS with nononvasive oxygen take __medicine

A

actemra (tocilizumab)

72
Q

sedative for intubated

A

propofol-lipuro

73
Q

COVID that caused kidney issues needs ___ treatment

A

renal replacement therapy

74
Q

widely used other treatments are?

A

dexamethasone steroid, prone positioning, and ventilators

75
Q

which drug showed a promising treatment?

A

evushield/astrazeneca

76
Q

where does convalescent sera come from?

A

plasma from patients who recovered

77
Q

convalescnet sera is for who?

A

early on to treat hospitalized old

global health (29 decks)

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