Lecture 28 Animal Die offs

Question 1

What was the recent outbreak that killed humans and animals on vancouver island? what was it associated with?

Answer 1

cryptococcus; trees

Question 2

Cryptococcus gattii- which serotype is the outbreak recently? What did it colonize in human organs?

Answer 2

Serotype B; lungs and brain

Question 3

Cryptococcus gattii currently is affecting which area of the USA?

Answer 3

the I5 corridor (east coast)

Question 4

What animals does Rinderpest affect?

Answer 4

cloven animals such as cows and deers

Question 5

Rinderpest causes what symptoms in animals? Is it viral or bacterial?

Answer 5

explosive diarrhea and death in 2-3 days, viral

Question 6

Where is Rinderpest in the world?

Answer 6

Kenya

Question 7

White nose bat mortality is __%. Where is this occuring?

Answer 7

95%; NE USA and Canada

Question 8

Which bat species is going extinct because of WNB syndrome?

Answer 8

Little brown myotis; others are endangered

Question 9

Symptoms of WNB syndrome in bats are”

Answer 9

Waking up too fast from hibernation, starving, damaging/scarring wings, death

Question 10

WNB syndrome spreads how? What is the fungus used?

Answer 10

from bat to bat (direct contact); Geomyces destructans

Question 11

How can humans get contaminated with WNB fungus?

Answer 11

Clothing and gear when exploring caves

Question 12

Consequences of WNB on the environment are?

Answer 12

2.4 bugs uneaten, crop damages

Question 13

There is no treatment or prevention for bats with WNB T/F?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Chytrids is associated with __. First found in __

Answer 14

amphibians; AUS

Question 15

What is the mortality rate for chytrids? Who is likely to be afected more?

Answer 15

100%; more adult frogs

Question 16

The cause of chytrids is __ found iin ___

Answer 16

batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) fungus; below 82 C water

Question 17

Symptoms of chytrids are”

Answer 17

Red thick skin, ulcers, convulsions, weird posture, lethargy

Question 18

How would amphibians die from chytrids?

Answer 18

Loss of electrolyte regulation->cardiac arrest-> death

Question 19

How is chytrids spread?

Answer 19

global warming; inter’l trade of amphibians (i.e. for science, pets)

Question 20

HUman antifungals are able to treat chytrids in small doses, T/F?

Answer 20

FALSE- no effective therapy although some species are naturally resistant to the disease

Question 21

What are symptoms of colony collapse disorder?

Answer 21

Affect youngr worker bees, bees unhatched, reduced workforce

Question 22

Colony collapse disorder is affected by which things?

Answer 22

Virus, fungi, mite, flies, pesticides, parasties, environmental issues

Question 23

What time of year is colony collapse disease occurinh?

Answer 23

spring. lessens by fall

Question 24

How to prevent colony collapse disorder?

Answer 24

vaccine mixed into queen’s food for immunity in baby larva

Question 25

80% of coral reduction was in which place?

Answer 25

Carribean Sea

Question 26

Specific coral outbreaks were ; is there a specific cause>

Answer 26

White band disease and aspergillus fungus ; no there are multiple

Question 27

What are non pathogenic causes of coral deaths?

Answer 27

Climate change temps, pollution, oil spills, human intervention

Question 28

Ophidomyces is associated with __ in what part of the world?

Answer 28

Snake fungal disease, USA

Question 29

Symptoms of snake fungal disease are

Answer 29

blisters, discoloration, crust, death

Question 30

The cause of snake fungal disease is

Answer 30

Ophiodiomyces ophiodiicola fungus

Question 31

Fungal threats are widespread among animal species beyond the ones in this lecture T/F?

Answer 31

TRUE :(

Question 32

Aphanomyces attacks which animal?

Answer 32

crayfish

Question 33

What is the common factor in all of these fungal outbreaks?

Answer 33

Rising temperatures (bees and amphibians are cold blooded)

Question 34

What is Dr. White’s dinosaur die off theory? WHo avoided this?

Answer 34

A meteor caused cold temperatures, allowing fungi to grow and infect cold blooded dinosaurs; mammals avoided because of warm blood

Question 35

Coral die offs cause loss of

Answer 35

loss of symbiotic algae

Question 36

What type of coral is lab grown to regrow reefs?

Answer 36

Elkhorn coral