Lecture 28 Animal Die offs Flashcards
What was the recent outbreak that killed humans and animals on vancouver island? what was it associated with?
cryptococcus; trees
Cryptococcus gattii- which serotype is the outbreak recently? What did it colonize in human organs?
Serotype B; lungs and brain
Cryptococcus gattii currently is affecting which area of the USA?
the I5 corridor (east coast)
What animals does Rinderpest affect?
cloven animals such as cows and deers
Rinderpest causes what symptoms in animals? Is it viral or bacterial?
explosive diarrhea and death in 2-3 days, viral
Where is Rinderpest in the world?
Kenya
White nose bat mortality is __%. Where is this occuring?
95%; NE USA and Canada
Which bat species is going extinct because of WNB syndrome?
Little brown myotis; others are endangered
Symptoms of WNB syndrome in bats are”
Waking up too fast from hibernation, starving, damaging/scarring wings, death
WNB syndrome spreads how? What is the fungus used?
from bat to bat (direct contact); Geomyces destructans
How can humans get contaminated with WNB fungus?
Clothing and gear when exploring caves
Consequences of WNB on the environment are?
2.4 bugs uneaten, crop damages
There is no treatment or prevention for bats with WNB T/F?
TRUE
Chytrids is associated with __. First found in __
amphibians; AUS
What is the mortality rate for chytrids? Who is likely to be afected more?
100%; more adult frogs
The cause of chytrids is __ found iin ___
batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) fungus; below 82 C water
Symptoms of chytrids are”
Red thick skin, ulcers, convulsions, weird posture, lethargy
How would amphibians die from chytrids?
Loss of electrolyte regulation->cardiac arrest-> death
How is chytrids spread?
global warming; inter’l trade of amphibians (i.e. for science, pets)
HUman antifungals are able to treat chytrids in small doses, T/F?
FALSE- no effective therapy although some species are naturally resistant to the disease
What are symptoms of colony collapse disorder?
Affect youngr worker bees, bees unhatched, reduced workforce
Colony collapse disorder is affected by which things?
Virus, fungi, mite, flies, pesticides, parasties, environmental issues
What time of year is colony collapse disease occurinh?
spring. lessens by fall
How to prevent colony collapse disorder?
vaccine mixed into queen’s food for immunity in baby larva
80% of coral reduction was in which place?
Carribean Sea
Specific coral outbreaks were ; is there a specific cause>
White band disease and aspergillus fungus ; no there are multiple
What are non pathogenic causes of coral deaths?
Climate change temps, pollution, oil spills, human intervention
Ophidomyces is associated with __ in what part of the world?
Snake fungal disease, USA
Symptoms of snake fungal disease are
blisters, discoloration, crust, death
The cause of snake fungal disease is
Ophiodiomyces ophiodiicola fungus
Fungal threats are widespread among animal species beyond the ones in this lecture T/F?
TRUE :(
Aphanomyces attacks which animal?
crayfish
What is the common factor in all of these fungal outbreaks?
Rising temperatures (bees and amphibians are cold blooded)
What is Dr. White’s dinosaur die off theory? WHo avoided this?
A meteor caused cold temperatures, allowing fungi to grow and infect cold blooded dinosaurs; mammals avoided because of warm blood
Coral die offs cause loss of
loss of symbiotic algae
What type of coral is lab grown to regrow reefs?
Elkhorn coral
