unit 2 begins- lecture 10 vector borne viral and bacterial disease Flashcards
vectors cause disease T/F?
FALSE they just spread it
vectors are typically __
insects
vectors are typically not susceptible to the pathogen T/F?
TRUE
why have vector borne diseases tripled in the US?
because of higher diagnosis, climate change, interacting with nature
name a common vector borne US disease and its vector
Lyme; ticks
aegypti mosquitos cluster where?
around the equator
most of us in missouri are affected with which mosquito?
a. albopictus mosquito
vector borne viruses are called __- they are caused by
arboviruses; arthropods (insects and spiders)
most arboviuses are ___type of virus
flavorviruses
describe flavoviruses
enveloped, single stranded RNA
describe west nile virus
enveloped posiitive single stranded RNA
what is the primary host and reservoir of west nile?
birds
indicental hosts (dead-end carriers) of west nile are?
horses and humans
the first US case of west nile was where?
new york
the first case of west nile was in?
west nile district, uganda
now west nile is common where?
africa, west asiia, europe, middle east
likely symptoms of west nile?
most have none
west nile fecer symptoms
fever rash swole lymph nodes 3-14 days after infection
severe west nile disease
virus enters spinal cord or brain, brain damage from meningitis or encephalitis
risk factors for west nile are?
an outdoor lifestyle, over 50yrs or weak immune system, lab workers
treatment for west nile virus disease?
none specific
there is a west nile fever disease vaccine T/F?
FALSE, only for horses
Public Health Measures
Against WNV
DEET - Insect repellent
Dress - Covering up - long
sleeves
Dusk and Dawn
Drain - Source reduction -
standing water
how many dengue virus serotypes exist?
4
describe Dengue virus
Flavivirus
(+) ss RNA
vector of dengue is?
aedes mosquito (female)
who is the host of dengue?
humans. no other host.
mixing serotypes of dengue can cause>
hemmorhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome
how long is the dengue incubation period?
4-7 days after infection
who would have a milder illness of dengue, kids or adults?
kids and people with a previous dengue infection
severe dengue if untreated has __ % mortality
20%
TREATMENT OF DENGUE:
Treat with fluids, supportive
care, no antivirals
what are some dengue vaccine issues>
Problem with non-protective antibodies
and increased DHF risk
Children 4 to 11 with previous exposure can get this dengue vaccine. What is the issue tho?
denvaxia; can cause a higher risk of serious illness in children
endemic dengue inthe phillipines. kids were vaccinatged without previous exposure, which caused what issue?
Increases chance of antibody
enhancement
where is dengue in the mainland US?
Florida keys
Texas/Mexico border
most cases of dengue in hawa’ii are from which vector?
a.aegypti mosquito
how can we control dengue fever/??
control the vecotor! four D’s: DEET
Drain
Dress
Dusk and Dawn
dengue with a rash becomes ___ virus
Zika
zika symptoms
uspected cases, with Guillain-Barre
syndrome, temporary paralysis, rare death, two
microcephaly
How could zika virus be spread?
Mosquito bites
From a pregnant woman to
her fetus
Sex with an infected person
Laboratory exposure
Blood transfusion.
common zika symptoms
The most common symptoms are:
none or
Fever
Rash
Joint pain
Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
How can Zika affect pregnancies?
microcephaly and other
severe brain defects.
Linked to miscarriage, stillbirth, and
birth defects
Sexual Transmission and
Zika because where is the virus stable?
Virus stable in semen
how can we prevent zika virus?
control vector with 4 D’s
DEET
Dusk and dawn avoidal
avoid standing water (drain)
Dress (cover up_
tell me about vaccines and treatments for ZIka.
there are none:(
the vector for yellow fever is?
aedes mosquito
describe the yellow fever virus genome:
Flavivirus
(+) ss RNA
hosts of yellow fever are?
humans and monkeys
transmission of yellow fever goes how?
Transmission:
via vector –
monkey to human, human to human,
iincubation period of Yellow fever
3-6 day incubation period
phases of yellow fever
Acute phase and toxic phase
acute yellow fever symoptoms
Acute phase: mild case
fever, headache, malaise
patient recovers in 3-4 days
toxic phase of yellw fever symptoms
Toxic phase: Severe cases (~15% of infection)
“Yellow”- jaundice
abdominal pain with vomiting
severe hemorrhages
50% mortality in 10-14 days
how can we keep yellow fever under wraps (prevent it)?
PREVENTION:
effective vaccine for 50 years
BUT lack a vaccine program to
distribute it
lyme disease is an important viral disease T/F?
FALSE it is a bacterial disease
lyme disease is Caused by which bacter/ia/virus?
Caused by bacteria / spirochete
Borrelia burgdorferi
Extracellular
the host of lyme disease is?
Hosts: rodents, humans, etc
(recently birds)
how is lyme disease transmitted?
Transmitted by blacklegged deer-tick
Ixodes scapularis
typical symptoms of lyme disease are>
arthritic, joint pain, facial drooping, erythra migrans red rash
lyme disease occurs when in the year?
SUMMER WHEN PPL ARE OOT AND A BOOT.:)
how to treat lyme disease?
antibiotics
in chronic lyme, what symptoms show uP?
Arthritis bouts
Joint swelling
Neurological complaints (shooting pains,numbness, tingling of the hands
and feet, short term memory)
cape cod new england had which problems?
babesiosis and anaplasmosis
RMSP (rocky mountain spotted fever) reservoirs and vectors are?
reservoirs and vectors
American dog tick
Rocky mountain wood tick
describe RMSF. bacteria/virus, gram neg/pos, intra/extracell
Rickettsia rickettsii
gram negative
intracellular
inc period for RMSF is
5 to 10 days
An effective treatment
for RMSF is__.
effective treatment
(tetracycline)
if treated early
Chikungunya vector is?
aedes mosquito
Viral fever, muscle pain, rash
“that which bends up”
arthritic symptoms, rarely fatal how many days afer chikungunya infection?
2-12d
A new virus in missouri is called___
heart <3 land virus
chikungunya is caused by which vector?
lonestar tick
chikungunya reservoirs are?
deer, racoons, coyotes , moose
chikungunya is a DNA or RNA virus?
RNA
in kansas, a new virus called BOURBON is caused by: what type of virus is it?
tick bites; thogotovirus RNA virus
the reservoir for rift valley fever is?
bats
rit valley fever is able to progress into ___
hemorrhagic gever and brain infection or death
