lecture 5 black death / plague Flashcards by M Batool

living creature transmits infectious agent between humans or from other anmials to hmans

vector

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giv example of a vector

fly mosquito

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place where infect. agent lives and grows long term. agent causes non lethal infection

reservoir

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examples of reservoir

environment-soil, water, animals- pigs, bats, humans

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reserviour is classfied as being__

asymptomatic

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plague is caused by bacteria/virus called __.

bacteria; yersenia pestis

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morphology of y.pestis

gram neg bacilli (rod)

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what is the vector for plague?

the flea

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how can plague be transmitted?

flea bites, direct bacterial contact via blood, aerosol drops

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3 modern plague forms

bubonic plague, septisemic plague, pneumonic plague

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most common plague form

bubonic plague

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bubonic inc period is?

2-8day

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y.pestis survives inside which cells for bubonic plague?

inside WBCs

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where do buboes form?

armpit, neck, groin

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what happens to buboes?

burst and smell bad

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suymtoms of bubunic plague

fever 105degree, headache, weakness, groin ache

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how do buboes form?

influx of WBCs into lymph nodes

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bubonic plague can become?

advanced bubonic plague

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what are the symptoms of advanced bubonic plague early on?

necrosis and black skin, neurological disorder, hallucination

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8-10 days into advanced bubo plague causes what?

organs to fail, internal hemmorhaging, septicemia

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-% mort rate for advanced bubo plague

50-70%

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which bubo plague type is 100% fatal? and when does death occur?

septisemia; 24-26 hr

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plague septicemia is caused by what?

direct blood contact (hunting, handling person or animal etc)

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rarest plague form

pneumonic

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how is penumonic plague spread?

person to person from aerosil

__% mortality rate of pneumonic lague?

100%

penumoinic plague symptoms are"

bloody sputm, penumonia, cough, chest pain

reservoir of justinian plague

rats

where did justinian plague happen?

byzantine roman empire

how did the justinian plague happen?

infected rats carried y petis in grain on ships and carts

effect of justinian plague

labor and military shortage, fall of roman empire

how long did justinian plague last

waves for hundreds of years

effect of black death

50% pop loss in europe

black death was which plague type?

bubonic plague

black death happend in which year?

1346

black death was caused by?

poor heigine, famine, warfare, coliving with animals, better ships=more trade

black eath began where where was it endemic?

china; mongolia

black death was endemic in __

mongolian marmots

what was the role of mongol trade routes in the spread of black death?

rodent infested goods and furs spread it across asia

when plague reached mongol armies, how did they commit bio warfare?

they threw affected bodies into Kaffa

after the black death, what was the paradigm shift?

importance given to techonology and science

Why did chinese expansion cause spread of modern plague?

troops did not know local prevention customs

how was modern plague spread to the US? wghat years?

rat infested ships from asia; 1900s

Where ismodern plague established?

western United States Canada and Mexico

most of the modern day plague is in which form? how spread?

bubonic; rodent

* Worldwide, between __ and ___cases of plague each year are reported to the World Health Organization (WHO)

1000 to 2000

how is modern plague treated>

10-14 days of antibiotics

Plague diagnosis includes

buboes in axilla groin and cervical nodes; travel to wild wild west

a stain of plague shows what?

a closed safety pin appearance

to prevent plague, you should spray down instead of brooming dust, T/F?

TRUE

poor rural areas of which area has endemic plague?

madagascaar and DRC

how many cases of plague were in DRC in 2022?

600

__ is a category A bioterrorism pathogen

y pestis

the 2 major Salmonella species:

bongori and enterica

what does the salmonella bacteria look like?

it is gram negative rod (bacilli) with flagella

food poisoning and GI upset it in whichsalmonella disease?

salmoneella NONtyphi

nontyphi salmonella reservoirs are?

animal , foodborne (eggs poulty water)

how is salmonella typhi transmitted (what matter)

fecal oral transmissoin bc contaminated wter

salmonella typhi can thrve because it__

survives in WBCs

what ist he host for s. typhi?

humans ONLY

why was typhoid mary suspected?

after record typhoid outbreaks she left sopon after

how was typhoid may caught?

s. typhi foundin stool sample

when was typhoid mary released after quarentine 1?

3 years oon north brother islanf

most typhoid break outs are due to__

travel

how effective are typhoid vax and who are they rec for?

50-80%; travelers

typhoid fever symptoms are?

constipation, headace, fever, and later a rash

mort rates for tyhpohoid fever are?

12 to 30%

how long are symptoms of tyohoid fever delayed?

1-2 wk