lecture 5 black death / plague Flashcards
living creature transmits infectious agent between humans or from other anmials to hmans
vector
giv example of a vector
fly mosquito
place where infect. agent lives and grows long term. agent causes non lethal infection
reservoir
examples of reservoir
environment-soil, water, animals- pigs, bats, humans
reserviour is classfied as being__
asymptomatic
plague is caused by bacteria/virus called __.
bacteria; yersenia pestis
morphology of y.pestis
gram neg bacilli (rod)
what is the vector for plague?
the flea
how can plague be transmitted?
flea bites, direct bacterial contact via blood, aerosol drops
3 modern plague forms
bubonic plague, septisemic plague, pneumonic plague
most common plague form
bubonic plague
bubonic inc period is?
2-8day
y.pestis survives inside which cells for bubonic plague?
inside WBCs
where do buboes form?
armpit, neck, groin
what happens to buboes?
burst and smell bad
suymtoms of bubunic plague
fever 105degree, headache, weakness, groin ache
how do buboes form?
influx of WBCs into lymph nodes
bubonic plague can become?
advanced bubonic plague
what are the symptoms of advanced bubonic plague early on?
necrosis and black skin, neurological disorder, hallucination
8-10 days into advanced bubo plague causes what?
organs to fail, internal hemmorhaging, septicemia
-% mort rate for advanced bubo plague
50-70%
which bubo plague type is 100% fatal? and when does death occur?
septisemia; 24-26 hr
plague septicemia is caused by what?
direct blood contact (hunting, handling person or animal etc)
rarest plague form
pneumonic
how is penumonic plague spread?
person to person from aerosil
__% mortality rate of pneumonic lague?
100%
penumoinic plague symptoms are”
bloody sputm, penumonia, cough, chest pain
reservoir of justinian plague
rats
where did justinian plague happen?
byzantine roman empire
how did the justinian plague happen?
infected rats carried y petis in grain on ships and carts
effect of justinian plague
labor and military shortage, fall of roman empire
how long did justinian plague last
waves for hundreds of years
effect of black death
50% pop loss in europe
black death was which plague type?
bubonic plague
black death happend in which year?
1346
black death was caused by?
poor heigine, famine, warfare, coliving with animals, better ships=more trade
black eath began where where was it endemic?
china; mongolia
black death was endemic in __
mongolian marmots
what was the role of mongol trade routes in the spread of black death?
rodent infested goods and furs spread it across asia
when plague reached mongol armies, how did they commit bio warfare?
they threw affected bodies into Kaffa
after the black death, what was the paradigm shift?
importance given to techonology and science
Why did chinese expansion cause spread of modern plague?
troops did not know local prevention customs
how was modern plague spread to the US? wghat years?
rat infested ships from asia; 1900s
Where ismodern plague established?
western United States Canada and Mexico
most of the modern day plague is in which form? how spread?
bubonic; rodent
- Worldwide, between __ and ___cases of plague each year are
reported to the World Health Organization (WHO)
1000 to 2000
how is modern plague treated>
10-14 days of antibiotics
Plague diagnosis includes
buboes in axilla groin and cervical nodes; travel to wild wild west
a stain of plague shows what?
a closed safety pin appearance
to prevent plague, you should spray down instead of brooming dust, T/F?
TRUE
poor rural areas of which area has endemic plague?
madagascaar and DRC
how many cases of plague were in DRC in 2022?
600
__ is a category A bioterrorism pathogen
y pestis
the 2 major Salmonella species:
bongori and enterica
what does the salmonella bacteria look like?
it is gram negative rod (bacilli) with flagella
food poisoning and GI upset it in whichsalmonella disease?
salmoneella NONtyphi
nontyphi salmonella reservoirs are?
animal , foodborne (eggs poulty water)
how is salmonella typhi transmitted (what matter)
fecal oral transmissoin bc contaminated wter
salmonella typhi can thrve because it__
survives in WBCs
what ist he host for s. typhi?
humans ONLY
why was typhoid mary suspected?
after record typhoid outbreaks she left sopon after
how was typhoid may caught?
s. typhi foundin stool sample
when was typhoid mary released after quarentine 1?
3 years oon north brother islanf
most typhoid break outs are due to__
travel
how effective are typhoid vax and who are they rec for?
50-80%; travelers
typhoid fever symptoms are?
constipation, headace, fever, and later a rash
mort rates for tyhpohoid fever are?
12 to 30%
how long are symptoms of tyohoid fever delayed?
1-2 wk
