lecture 8- Tuberculosis

Question 1

Who found that tuberculusosi was not inheritied and was not spontaneous?

Answer 1

robert koch

Question 2

TB was foundi where

Answer 2

europe, americas, africa, asia

Question 3

TB was also called?

Answer 3

white death and graveyard cough

Question 4

TB was caused by (bacteria/virus) called?

Answer 4

bacteria myconium tuberculosis

Question 5

how is TB SPREAD?

Answer 5

cough, sneeze, aerosol droplets

Question 6

who is TB spread between?

Answer 6

person to person

Question 7

what technique was used to visuallize TB?

Answer 7

acid fast stain

Question 8

how many global deaths from TB each year?

Answer 8

1.5 million, one of the leading causes of death

Question 9

TB is coinfectious with __.

Answer 9

HIV

Question 10

shape of m. tuberculosis bacteria. is it g neg or pos? or neither?

Answer 10

rod bacilli, acid fast (neither)

Question 11

how fast does mycobacterium TB grow?

Answer 11

2 weeks

Question 12

what does m TB bacteria colonize?

Answer 12

lungs but can spread to other organs

Question 13

acid fast staining identifies what?

Answer 13

identifies bacteria with waxy mycolic acid in their cell walls

Question 14

key of acid staining process

Answer 14

wash with an acid after staining. then, you counterstain.

Question 15

thick waxy cell envelope benefits

Answer 15

prevents dryling, protect from disinfectants and antimicrobials

Question 16

m. tuberculosis inhibits what inside of the macrophage?

Answer 16

prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion inside macrophage and acidification

Question 17

the latent form of TB shows what?

Answer 17

stable granulomas

Question 18

in the latest stage, is bacteria replicating or not?

Answer 18

not replicating

Question 19

latent tb is contained but not
___

Answer 19

eradicated

Question 20

what r some factirs that lead to the latent tb inf to be triggered into an active tb inf?

Answer 20

drop in immunity via coinfections, aging, diseases, malnutrition, smoking/drugs

Question 21

what tests can be used on someone who doesnt know they have TB

Answer 21

blood or skin test, x ray

Question 22

latent TB is contagious T/F?

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

symptoms of active TB

Answer 23

bloody cough, chest pain, cough for 3+ weeks, fever, dont want to eat

Question 24

R value for active TB IS?

Answer 24

10-15 people per year eith cloose contact with TB+ people

Question 25

necrosis, and __ granulomas form in active TB?

Answer 25

fibrous

Question 26

without treat ment what is the mortyality rate from sctive TB?

Answer 26

40 tp 60%

Question 27

extra pulm TB would be found where in body?

Answer 27

kidney, spine (POTTS disease)

Question 28

Extrapulm TB is infectious T/F?

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

__% is the risk rate for lifetime latent TB

Answer 29

12

Question 30

Latent and active (primary) TB have different treatment methods, T/F?

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

risk for TB IS INCREASED BY WHAT?

Answer 31

being in close contact qwith others, comorbidities, MALNUTRITION, HIV

Question 32

the strongest risk factor for latent TB is?

Answer 32

HIV

Question 33

the leading causeof death of people with HIV is? percent over lab = __.

Answer 33

having TB; ~84%

Question 34

diagnosis steps for Tuberculosis is?

Answer 34

physical exam; culturing, acidfast staining

Question 35

most common way to verify tuberculosis is what? how long does it take?

Answer 35

culturing but it is a slow process (4-6 wk).

Question 36

A skin test shows if the TB infection is latent or active, T/F?

Answer 36

FALSE

Question 37

What is injected in a TB skin test?

Answer 37

tuberculin

Question 38

issues with TB skin test and why?

Answer 38

have to come back few days later, false positives bc of vaccine interactions

Question 39

what to look for in chest x ray for TB?

Answer 39

granulomas, cavities/lesions

Question 40

xpert mtb detects which things?

Answer 40

if infection is TB and if resistant to rifampcin (most common TB med)

Question 41

how long is TB treatment? why is it a struggle?

Answer 41

6+ months; antibiotic resistance

Question 42

probelm with BCG vaccine?

Answer 42

not effective in adults

Question 43

what vax used for TB?

Answer 43

baccilus camlette guiren

Question 44

BAG vax idoes what well?

Answer 44

prevent extrapulmonary TB in kids

Question 45

challenges to controlling on the patient end TB ARE?

Answer 45

HIGHLY INFECTIOUS PATIENTS INFECT 10-15 OTHERS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE, UNDIAGNOSED INFECTIONS/LATENCY

Question 46

challenges to controling TB on govt end?

Answer 46

poor vaccine develop; lack of funding in Low income country, vulnerable ppl in high income country

Question 47

in 2020 for the frst time in a decade what happened?

Answer 47

deaths due to TB increased

Question 48

males are more likely to affected by TB than females T/F?

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

which race/ethnicitymore at risk?

Answer 49

asian, latinos, native americans (bsaicaly minorities)

Question 50

places US where higher TB rates exist:

Answer 50

homeless population, jail, nursing home, school