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global health > lecture 8- Tuberculosis > Flashcards

lecture 8- Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Who found that tuberculusosi was not inheritied and was not spontaneous?

A

robert koch

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2
Q

TB was foundi where

A

europe, americas, africa, asia

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3
Q

TB was also called?

A

white death and graveyard cough

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4
Q

TB was caused by (bacteria/virus) called?

A

bacteria myconium tuberculosis

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5
Q

how is TB SPREAD?

A

cough, sneeze, aerosol droplets

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6
Q

who is TB spread between?

A

person to person

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7
Q

what technique was used to visuallize TB?

A

acid fast stain

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8
Q

how many global deaths from TB each year?

A

1.5 million, one of the leading causes of death

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9
Q

TB is coinfectious with __.

A

HIV

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10
Q

shape of m. tuberculosis bacteria. is it g neg or pos? or neither?

A

rod bacilli, acid fast (neither)

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11
Q

how fast does mycobacterium TB grow?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

what does m TB bacteria colonize?

A

lungs but can spread to other organs

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13
Q

acid fast staining identifies what?

A

identifies bacteria with waxy mycolic acid in their cell walls

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14
Q

key of acid staining process

A

wash with an acid after staining. then, you counterstain.

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15
Q

thick waxy cell envelope benefits

A

prevents dryling, protect from disinfectants and antimicrobials

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16
Q

m. tuberculosis inhibits what inside of the macrophage?

A

prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion inside macrophage and acidification

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17
Q

the latent form of TB shows what?

A

stable granulomas

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18
Q

in the latest stage, is bacteria replicating or not?

A

not replicating

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19
Q

latent tb is contained but not
___

A

eradicated

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20
Q

what r some factirs that lead to the latent tb inf to be triggered into an active tb inf?

A

drop in immunity via coinfections, aging, diseases, malnutrition, smoking/drugs

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21
Q

what tests can be used on someone who doesnt know they have TB

A

blood or skin test, x ray

22
Q

latent TB is contagious T/F?

A

FALSE

23
Q

symptoms of active TB

A

bloody cough, chest pain, cough for 3+ weeks, fever, dont want to eat

24
Q

R value for active TB IS?

A

10-15 people per year eith cloose contact with TB+ people

25
Q

necrosis, and __ granulomas form in active TB?

A

fibrous

26
Q

without treat ment what is the mortyality rate from sctive TB?

A

40 tp 60%

27
Q

extra pulm TB would be found where in body?

A

kidney, spine (POTTS disease)

28
Q

Extrapulm TB is infectious T/F?

A

FALSE

29
Q

__% is the risk rate for lifetime latent TB

A

12

30
Q

Latent and active (primary) TB have different treatment methods, T/F?

A

TRUE

31
Q

risk for TB IS INCREASED BY WHAT?

A

being in close contact qwith others, comorbidities, MALNUTRITION, HIV

32
Q

the strongest risk factor for latent TB is?

A

HIV

33
Q

the leading causeof death of people with HIV is? percent over lab = __.

A

having TB; ~84%

34
Q

diagnosis steps for Tuberculosis is?

A

physical exam; culturing, acidfast staining

35
Q

most common way to verify tuberculosis is what? how long does it take?

A

culturing but it is a slow process (4-6 wk).

36
Q

A skin test shows if the TB infection is latent or active, T/F?

A

FALSE

37
Q

What is injected in a TB skin test?

A

tuberculin

38
Q

issues with TB skin test and why?

A

have to come back few days later, false positives bc of vaccine interactions

39
Q

what to look for in chest x ray for TB?

A

granulomas, cavities/lesions

40
Q

xpert mtb detects which things?

A

if infection is TB and if resistant to rifampcin (most common TB med)

41
Q

how long is TB treatment? why is it a struggle?

A

6+ months; antibiotic resistance

42
Q

probelm with BCG vaccine?

A

not effective in adults

43
Q

what vax used for TB?

A

baccilus camlette guiren

44
Q

BAG vax idoes what well?

A

prevent extrapulmonary TB in kids

45
Q

challenges to controlling on the patient end TB ARE?

A

HIGHLY INFECTIOUS PATIENTS INFECT 10-15 OTHERS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE, UNDIAGNOSED INFECTIONS/LATENCY

46
Q

challenges to controling TB on govt end?

A

poor vaccine develop; lack of funding in Low income country, vulnerable ppl in high income country

47
Q

in 2020 for the frst time in a decade what happened?

A

deaths due to TB increased

48
Q

males are more likely to affected by TB than females T/F?

A

TRUE

49
Q

which race/ethnicitymore at risk?

A

asian, latinos, native americans (bsaicaly minorities)

50
Q

places US where higher TB rates exist:

A

homeless population, jail, nursing home, school

global health (29 decks)

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