lecture 8- Tuberculosis Flashcards
Who found that tuberculusosi was not inheritied and was not spontaneous?
robert koch
TB was foundi where
europe, americas, africa, asia
TB was also called?
white death and graveyard cough
TB was caused by (bacteria/virus) called?
bacteria myconium tuberculosis
how is TB SPREAD?
cough, sneeze, aerosol droplets
who is TB spread between?
person to person
what technique was used to visuallize TB?
acid fast stain
how many global deaths from TB each year?
1.5 million, one of the leading causes of death
TB is coinfectious with __.
HIV
shape of m. tuberculosis bacteria. is it g neg or pos? or neither?
rod bacilli, acid fast (neither)
how fast does mycobacterium TB grow?
2 weeks
what does m TB bacteria colonize?
lungs but can spread to other organs
acid fast staining identifies what?
identifies bacteria with waxy mycolic acid in their cell walls
key of acid staining process
wash with an acid after staining. then, you counterstain.
thick waxy cell envelope benefits
prevents dryling, protect from disinfectants and antimicrobials
m. tuberculosis inhibits what inside of the macrophage?
prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion inside macrophage and acidification
the latent form of TB shows what?
stable granulomas
in the latest stage, is bacteria replicating or not?
not replicating
latent tb is contained but not
___
eradicated
what r some factirs that lead to the latent tb inf to be triggered into an active tb inf?
drop in immunity via coinfections, aging, diseases, malnutrition, smoking/drugs
what tests can be used on someone who doesnt know they have TB
blood or skin test, x ray
latent TB is contagious T/F?
FALSE
symptoms of active TB
bloody cough, chest pain, cough for 3+ weeks, fever, dont want to eat
R value for active TB IS?
10-15 people per year eith cloose contact with TB+ people
necrosis, and __ granulomas form in active TB?
fibrous
without treat ment what is the mortyality rate from sctive TB?
40 tp 60%
extra pulm TB would be found where in body?
kidney, spine (POTTS disease)
Extrapulm TB is infectious T/F?
FALSE
__% is the risk rate for lifetime latent TB
12
Latent and active (primary) TB have different treatment methods, T/F?
TRUE
risk for TB IS INCREASED BY WHAT?
being in close contact qwith others, comorbidities, MALNUTRITION, HIV
the strongest risk factor for latent TB is?
HIV
the leading causeof death of people with HIV is? percent over lab = __.
having TB; ~84%
diagnosis steps for Tuberculosis is?
physical exam; culturing, acidfast staining
most common way to verify tuberculosis is what? how long does it take?
culturing but it is a slow process (4-6 wk).
A skin test shows if the TB infection is latent or active, T/F?
FALSE
What is injected in a TB skin test?
tuberculin
issues with TB skin test and why?
have to come back few days later, false positives bc of vaccine interactions
what to look for in chest x ray for TB?
granulomas, cavities/lesions
xpert mtb detects which things?
if infection is TB and if resistant to rifampcin (most common TB med)
how long is TB treatment? why is it a struggle?
6+ months; antibiotic resistance
probelm with BCG vaccine?
not effective in adults
what vax used for TB?
baccilus camlette guiren
BAG vax idoes what well?
prevent extrapulmonary TB in kids
challenges to controlling on the patient end TB ARE?
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS PATIENTS INFECT 10-15 OTHERS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE, UNDIAGNOSED INFECTIONS/LATENCY
challenges to controling TB on govt end?
poor vaccine develop; lack of funding in Low income country, vulnerable ppl in high income country
in 2020 for the frst time in a decade what happened?
deaths due to TB increased
males are more likely to affected by TB than females T/F?
TRUE
which race/ethnicitymore at risk?
asian, latinos, native americans (bsaicaly minorities)
places US where higher TB rates exist:
homeless population, jail, nursing home, school
