Lec 27 Prions Flashcards

1
Q

Mad cow disease is a type of ___ in humans and animals

A

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)

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2
Q

TSEs cause a large immune response , T?F?

A

False, they cause no immune response

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3
Q

How do vacuoles form in TSE?

A

protein aggregate causing neurons to die, and astroglial cells eat them

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4
Q

The TSE affecting sheep is

A

scrapie

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5
Q

Scrapie resembles what?

A

An infectious agent

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6
Q

Kuru is from which region?

A

Southern Fore

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7
Q

How was Kuru transmitted between humans? What about to monkeys?

A

Through cannabalism; injections

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8
Q

What TSEs are inherited?

A

fCJD, GSS, FFI,

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9
Q

The animal TSEs are:

A

scrapie (sheep), BSE (mad cow), TME (mink), chronic wasting (deer)

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10
Q

What TSE is sporadic?

A

sCJD

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11
Q

Which TSEs are transmissable?

A

scrapie, BSE, kuru

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12
Q

TSEs are fatal within a year, T?F?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Scrapie does not have ___, so it is resistant to UV rays

A

nucleic acid

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14
Q

THe gene that omits normal nucleic genome from proteins and causes prions is:

A

PrPsc

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15
Q

The mutated form of PrPc is a (open/closed) form of protein

A

closed, which is NOT GOOD!

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16
Q

Types of protein aggregation are

A

amyloid fibrils, amorphous, soluble oligomers

17
Q

The mad cow incubation period is how long?

18
Q

How could mad cow be transmitted between cows?

A

Cattle fed offal as a supplement

19
Q

Besides cows, offal was fed to __ causing BSE as well

20
Q

How to test for BSE?

A

A spinal fluid test and binding steel balls to blood proteins

21
Q

vCJD has no treatment, T/F?

22
Q

Variable protease sensitive prionopathy affects which population?

A

Over 60 years old

23
Q

In alzheimer’s disease, what does the brain damage look like physically?

A

it looks like plaques and tangles

24
Q

Mild Alzheimers looks like

A

trouble making sense of the world, but still managing. depression

25
Moderate alzheimers can look like
repetitive movement, repeating stories, agitation
26
Severe AD can look like
refusal to eat, hard to walk, forget family
27
Risk factors for AD are
age, head inury, smoking, cardiovascular disease, oral bacteria
28
How can we reduce AD risk?
exercise (brain and body), good diet, avoid alcohol
29
What type of med is used to treat alzheimer's disease?
acetylcholine inhibitors
30
The mechanism for alzheimer's is that
APP cleaves abornmally, making amyloid clusters that accumulate with age
31
How is APP cleaving incorrectly?
Tau aggregates tangles and APP creates plaques
32
What mutation leads to Parkinson's disease? What does this cause
LRRK2; cleaved APP and dopamine neurons die