Lec 27 Prions Flashcards
Mad cow disease is a type of ___ in humans and animals
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
TSEs cause a large immune response , T?F?
False, they cause no immune response
How do vacuoles form in TSE?
protein aggregate causing neurons to die, and astroglial cells eat them
The TSE affecting sheep is
scrapie
Scrapie resembles what?
An infectious agent
Kuru is from which region?
Southern Fore
How was Kuru transmitted between humans? What about to monkeys?
Through cannabalism; injections
What TSEs are inherited?
fCJD, GSS, FFI,
The animal TSEs are:
scrapie (sheep), BSE (mad cow), TME (mink), chronic wasting (deer)
What TSE is sporadic?
sCJD
Which TSEs are transmissable?
scrapie, BSE, kuru
TSEs are fatal within a year, T?F?
TRUE
Scrapie does not have ___, so it is resistant to UV rays
nucleic acid
THe gene that omits normal nucleic genome from proteins and causes prions is:
PrPsc
The mutated form of PrPc is a (open/closed) form of protein
closed, which is NOT GOOD!
Types of protein aggregation are
amyloid fibrils, amorphous, soluble oligomers
The mad cow incubation period is how long?
2-8 yrs
How could mad cow be transmitted between cows?
Cattle fed offal as a supplement
Besides cows, offal was fed to __ causing BSE as well
minks
How to test for BSE?
A spinal fluid test and binding steel balls to blood proteins
vCJD has no treatment, T/F?
TRUE
Variable protease sensitive prionopathy affects which population?
Over 60 years old
In alzheimer’s disease, what does the brain damage look like physically?
it looks like plaques and tangles
Mild Alzheimers looks like
trouble making sense of the world, but still managing. depression
Moderate alzheimers can look like
repetitive movement, repeating stories, agitation
Severe AD can look like
refusal to eat, hard to walk, forget family
Risk factors for AD are
age, head inury, smoking, cardiovascular disease, oral bacteria
How can we reduce AD risk?
exercise (brain and body), good diet, avoid alcohol
What type of med is used to treat alzheimer’s disease?
acetylcholine inhibitors
The mechanism for alzheimer’s is that
APP cleaves abornmally, making amyloid clusters that accumulate with age
How is APP cleaving incorrectly?
Tau aggregates tangles and APP creates plaques
What mutation leads to Parkinson’s disease? What does this cause
LRRK2; cleaved APP and dopamine neurons die
