Lec 27 Prions

Question 1

Mad cow disease is a type of ___ in humans and animals

Answer 1

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)

Question 2

TSEs cause a large immune response , T?F?

Answer 2

False, they cause no immune response

Question 3

How do vacuoles form in TSE?

Answer 3

protein aggregate causing neurons to die, and astroglial cells eat them

Question 4

The TSE affecting sheep is

Answer 4

scrapie

Question 5

Scrapie resembles what?

Answer 5

An infectious agent

Question 6

Kuru is from which region?

Answer 6

Southern Fore

Question 7

How was Kuru transmitted between humans? What about to monkeys?

Answer 7

Through cannabalism; injections

Question 8

What TSEs are inherited?

Answer 8

fCJD, GSS, FFI,

Question 9

The animal TSEs are:

Answer 9

scrapie (sheep), BSE (mad cow), TME (mink), chronic wasting (deer)

Question 10

What TSE is sporadic?

Answer 10

sCJD

Question 11

Which TSEs are transmissable?

Answer 11

scrapie, BSE, kuru

Question 12

TSEs are fatal within a year, T?F?

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Scrapie does not have ___, so it is resistant to UV rays

Answer 13

nucleic acid

Question 14

THe gene that omits normal nucleic genome from proteins and causes prions is:

Answer 14

PrPsc

Question 15

The mutated form of PrPc is a (open/closed) form of protein

Answer 15

closed, which is NOT GOOD!

Question 16

Types of protein aggregation are

Answer 16

amyloid fibrils, amorphous, soluble oligomers

Question 17

The mad cow incubation period is how long?

Answer 17

2-8 yrs

Question 18

How could mad cow be transmitted between cows?

Answer 18

Cattle fed offal as a supplement

Question 19

Besides cows, offal was fed to __ causing BSE as well

Answer 19

minks

Question 20

How to test for BSE?

Answer 20

A spinal fluid test and binding steel balls to blood proteins

Question 21

vCJD has no treatment, T/F?

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Variable protease sensitive prionopathy affects which population?

Answer 22

Over 60 years old

Question 23

In alzheimer’s disease, what does the brain damage look like physically?

Answer 23

it looks like plaques and tangles

Question 24

Mild Alzheimers looks like

Answer 24

trouble making sense of the world, but still managing. depression

Question 25

Moderate alzheimers can look like

Answer 25

repetitive movement, repeating stories, agitation

Question 26

Severe AD can look like

Answer 26

refusal to eat, hard to walk, forget family

Question 27

Risk factors for AD are

Answer 27

age, head inury, smoking, cardiovascular disease, oral bacteria

Question 28

How can we reduce AD risk?

Answer 28

exercise (brain and body), good diet, avoid alcohol

Question 29

What type of med is used to treat alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 29

acetylcholine inhibitors

Question 30

The mechanism for alzheimer’s is that

Answer 30

APP cleaves abornmally, making amyloid clusters that accumulate with age

Question 31

How is APP cleaving incorrectly?

Answer 31

Tau aggregates tangles and APP creates plaques

Question 32

What mutation leads to Parkinson’s disease? What does this cause

Answer 32

LRRK2; cleaved APP and dopamine neurons die