Lecture 19- Drug resistance

Question 1

The host evolves to identify and combat a parasite and parasites evolve to avoid/overcome host in what theory?

Answer 1

Red queen hypothesis

Question 2

What becomes antibiotic resistant in drug resistance?

Answer 2

Bactera become antibiotic resistant

Question 3

MDR class means

Answer 3

resistant to 3 or more drug classes

Question 4

XDR class means that

Answer 4

resistant to extensively most drugs and potent drugs

Question 5

PDR means that youre resistant to

Answer 5

all classes

Question 6

FUndamental mechanisms of antimicroobial resistance

Answer 6

drug is destroyed, can’t get into cell, or don’t inibit the target

Question 7

How are resistance mechansms introduced ?

Answer 7

plasmids or mutations

Question 8

Humans and animals have plasmids, T/F?

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

Plasmids have what type of genes? They allow acquisition of

Answer 9

Drug resistant genes; a whole new trait instead of mutating one already here

Question 10

Why is plasmid made resistance worrisome?

Answer 10

Because it is transferable between species

Question 11

The method using a pillus is using what type of plasmid transfer?

Answer 11

Bacterial sex aka plasmid conjugation

Question 12

Viral piggybacking is accidental T/F? Another name for this mechanism is __

Answer 12

TRUE; plasmid transduction

Question 13

Free DNA in the environment coming from a degraded species etc is called__

Answer 13

naked DNA; transformation

Question 14

Rank mutational resistance from most to least: viroids, lower and higher eykarya, dsDNA vrus, RNA virus, bacteria, ssDNA

Answer 14

viroids, RNA virus, ssDNA virus, dsDNA, bacteria, lower eukaryotes, higher eukaryotes

Question 15

The rate of mutational resistance depends on:

Answer 15

the drug, organism, and infection load

Question 16

Reistance to two or more agents is the produc of the risks f develpoing resistance to each seraparately.. this is called

Answer 16

combintion therapy

Question 17

Drugs select for __

Answer 17

cells with mutations or resistance genes

Question 18

Drugs cause resistance T/F?

Answer 18

FALSE, drugs SELECT for resistant genes

Question 19

Plasmids are transferred by

Answer 19

horizontal or vertical transmision

Question 20

Selection of resistance in a paitent arises how

Answer 20

Noncompliance or overuse of drugs, improper prescription, hospital transmission, agricultural antibiotic overuise

Question 21

Name human behaviors selcting for resistance microbes

Answer 21

patient, medical, agricultual

Question 22

Reducing catheter use can help prevent infections true or false?

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Name an example of drug resistance

Answer 23

Typhoid fever is resistant to multiple drugs XDR

Question 24

Which bacteria rapidly spreads carbapenemase resistance gene to other microbes?

Answer 24

Acinetobacter

Question 25

Which fungus is resistant to antifungal medicines MDR and PDR? where does this happen location wise

Answer 25

candida auris; hospital and nursing homes

Question 26

Which bacteria causes lifdethreatening diarrhea when antibiotics wipe out gut flora and it takes over?

Answer 26

C. diff

Question 27

What is the cloistridium difficule mortality rate?

Answer 27

50% and it spreads easily